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引用次数: 0

摘要

中世纪盛期见证了圣诞节在西欧成为一个主要的基督教节日,一个充满欢乐和奇迹的时刻。为了庆祝耶稣的化身,圣诞节变成了一个纪念马槽里的小婴儿和他慈爱的母亲的日子,作为纪念人类耶稣的精神转变的一部分。虽然历年的传统从古代延续下来,让俗人参与到包括木乃伊、游戏和宴会在内的狂欢节狂欢中,但神职人员发展了新的做法,为教会庆祝活动注入了同样的倒置感和乐趣。愚人节、小主教节和奢华的礼仪剧让改革者们能够以展示艺术发展的方式来引导节日的能量,尤其是在西北欧的大型教堂里,同时又不失尊重上帝造人悖论的快乐特征。
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The Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages witnessed Christmas emerge as a major Christian feast in western Europe, a time of merriment and miracles. Always intended to celebrate the Incarnation, Christmas became a time to honour the little baby in the manger and his loving mother, as part of a spiritual shift towards remembering the human Jesus. Although Kalends traditions continued on from Antiquity, which engaged the lay population in carnivalesque revelries that included mumming, games, and feasting, clerics developed new practices that infused ecclesiastical celebrations with the same sense of inversion and fun. Feasts of Fools, Boy Bishops, and extravagant liturgical dramas allowed reformers to channel festive energy in ways that showcased developments in the arts, especially in the large churches of north-western Europe, without losing the joyful character that came with honouring the paradox of God made man.
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