批判后殖民研究:打开后殖民的地缘政治视野

Monika Albrecht
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摘要

批判性后殖民研究的新框架将更广泛的地缘政治观点的创新特征添加到现有的批评分支中,该分支从整体上挑战后殖民知识制度,同时考虑到后殖民理论的“旅行概念”对当代思想的影响。对其核心原则的激进审查质疑后殖民研究对殖民主义的感知和表现,这些研究有选择地局限于西方和以前被殖民的非西方地区。相比之下,批判性后殖民研究的新研究领域部署了一个多方位的框架,努力消除将世界反向划分为贬值的西方和升级的非西方特征的后殖民主流的准摩尼教框架。因此,批判性后殖民研究并不打算成为广泛的后殖民研究学术领域的另一个分支,而是一个从地缘政治空间的扩大出发的研究,并表明这如何不可避免地影响了对后殖民的传统理解。对主流后殖民研究进行批判性拆解的重要步骤是,从概念上脱离“他者”的机制,并理清具体后殖民连续性论题的组成部分。抛弃这些和其他限制,为后殖民学术急需的范式转变和后殖民批判性研究的新学术语言的形成提供了空间,这种语言一方面满足帝国主义和殖民主义的多向条件及其各种语义的需要,另一方面能够把握不同地缘政治和历史条件下的普遍模式。
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Critical Post-Colonial Studies: Opening Up the Post-Colonial to a Broader Geopolitical View
The new framework of critical post-colonial studies adds the innovative feature of a broader geopolitical view to an existing branch of critique that challenges the postcolonial regime of knowledge as a whole, simultaneously taking into account the impact of the “traveling concepts” of postcolonial theories on contemporary thought. A radical scrutiny of its core tenets questions postcolonial studies’ perception and representation of colonialism that are selectively confined to the areas of the West and the formerly colonized non-West. The new research field of critical post-colonial studies, by contrast, deploys a multidirectional framework that strives to unthink the quasi-Manichean reverse division of the world into a devalued West and an upgraded non-West characteristic of the postcolonial mainstream. Critical post-colonial studies is thus not intended to be yet another subdivision of the wide academic field of postcolonial studies but one that departs from a broadening of the geopolitical space and shows how this inevitably inflects conventional understanding of the postcolonial. Important steps for a critical dismantling of mainstream postcolonial studies are a conceptual disengagement of the mechanisms of “othering” and a disentanglement of the components of the specific postcolonial continuity thesis. Discarding these and other restrictions makes room for the urgently needed paradigm shift in postcolonial scholarship and for the fashioning of a new academic language of critical post-colonial studies that, on the one hand, meets the needs of the multidirectional conditions of imperialism and colonialism and their various semantics and is, on the other hand, able to grasp universal patterns in different geopolitical and historical conditions.
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