Sero-epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in Chattogram, Bangladesh

Mycobacterium bovis-caused bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a global public health concern and commercially significant zoonotic disease. Many wild and domesticated animals, including cattle, are susceptible to this fatal disease and play an important role in cross-species transmission. To gain a better understanding of bTB in dairy cattle, a bTB serological study is also necessary in order to identify efficient bTB control strategies in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, however, seroepidemiological research is either non-existent or limited (particularly Chattogram). To determine the seroprevalence of bTB and related possible risk factors in dairy cattle, a serological cross-sectional study was conducted (both animal and farm level). We estimated the seroprevalence of bTB was 7.5%(N=442) in this investigation, which also identified one animal-level and two farm-level possible risk factors. Individual animal risk factors included cattle source (own stock: OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006), and farm risk factors included population size (Larger: OR= 26.2, 95% CI: 2.2-319.1, p=0.010) and stocking density (Low and moderate: OR=19.6, 95%CI: 1.5-261.5, p=0.024). In the face-in housing system, there was also a higher risk of bTB seropositivity (OR=4.5). The research's key findings are thoroughly explored, and the findings will aid in the prevention and control of bTB in Bangladesh. In addition, early detection of positive cases, as well as their prompt removal and good farm management practices, can assist in preventing the spread of bTB to new human or bovine hosts. In underdeveloped nations like Bangladesh, a coordinated effort with local public health officials is critical for implementing an efficient TB control program.