Direct and indirect measurements of power system states in off-nominal condition

Wide area measurement is significant for modernized control of power system. Phasor measurement unit (PMU) being the prime element for wide area measurement system (WAMS), it provides proper feedback to the closed looped controller to take proper steps during power system transients. This paper aims to measure the state of six bus power system in off-nominal frequency condition. To achieve this firstly a three phase PMU is simulated using recursive algorithm and then the algorithm is made frequency adaptive by re-sampling. Pseudo measurement using ABCD parameter is also proposed and implemented.