THE STATUS OF NATURALIZED BIRD SPECIES IN IDAHO

Abstract Four naturalized landbird species and 7 Galliform species are well established in Idaho. These species initially appeared in the state between 1870 to 2001 and usually became widespread within 1 or 2 decades. Combined, these 11 naturalized species account for 70.3% of all land birds counted on Idaho Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) from 1990–2018. Naturalized species made up 6.2% of land birds on Idaho Breeding Bird Surveys routes (BBS). Rock Pigeons (Columbia livia), European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) were the 3 most abundant land birds on 1990–2018 Idaho CBC and were common on Idaho BBS. Since 1st appearing in 2001, Eurasian Collared-Dove (Streptopelia decaocto) populations grew exponentially through the mid-2010s before declining, and were the 4th most abundant bird on Idaho CBC from 2014–2018. Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were locally common for over a century but are now probably extirpated. Gambel's Quail (Callipepla gambelii) were introduced near the Salmon-Lemhi River confluence where a small population persists. California Quail (Callipepla californicus), Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix), Chukar (Alectoris chukar), Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) ranged from the 12th to 40th most common birds on the 1990–2018 Idaho CBC and but were less common on Idaho BBS. Populations of California Quail, Gambel's Quail and Wild Turkey have been increasing, Chukar and Gray Partridge stable, and Ring-necked Pheasant decreasing. Idaho hunters annually harvest 10,000s to 100,000s of these 5 game birds.