Response is differed among the regions of the small intestine by lactic acid bacteria administration

To determine the functionality and safety of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the study using model animals was performed frequently. However, with ambiguous study settings, there is a possibility of overlooking the efficacy of LAB. In this review, I mentioned important information about the small intestine that was one of the main functional organs by LAB administration. Small intestine was not responded universally by LAB administration, whereas it was responded region-specific. It is well known that LAB administration induced villous elongation in the weaning piglets, however this elongation was only detected at middle and ileo-cecal junction of the small intestine. Peyer’s patch (PP) is a main gut immune site in the small intestine. When mice with LAB administration were sacrificed and collected the PP around the duodenum (jPP) and PP around the ileo-cecal junction (iPP), cytokine expressions were differed between the jPP and iPP. Furthermore, cytokine expression was differed among the time after administration of LAB