Nanomaterials, nanofillers, and nanocomposites: types and properties

Abstract: Over the last two decades, nanoscience and nanotechnology have generated great scientific interest. Research in these fields has focused mainly on the development of nanoparticles with specific and/or tailored properties and their application in various areas. However, one crucial aspect that has not been afforded much attention is the influence of nanoparticles on the environment and human health. This chapter covers the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, which, from a toxicological perspective, may have an effect on the environment and human health. We consider the main types of nanoparticles, as well as their characteristic features. We also address the application of two types of nanoparticles in nanocomposites, on account of the improvement in the properties that they confer to the substrates.