俄乌冲突中保障欧盟能源安全的问题与展望

S. Sadyhov
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The author comes to the conclusion, that economically effective, rapid and wide-range development of sustainable renewable energy in accordance with the theses of the European Green Deal and the REPowerEU communication can’t be attained by states-members independently. Certainly, that leveling of negative consequences is impossible without effective co-ordination and association of actions of all EU member states. Last decades power politics is the central point of foreign policy of EU and now comes forward as a source of many spores that prevent to the attempts of EU to put right strategic relationships with the neighbours and suppliers of energy. Therefore, research of problems of dependence on the third countries and search of ways of their decision answer the major necessities of contemporaneity and has a substantial value for further development of the EU energy sector. It is concluded that such a set of measures will certainly be accompanied by consequences of an economic nature in the budgetary sphere, in investment policy, the structure of industry production, in the sphere of amortization expenses, price policy and taxation, etc. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The challenges and uncertainties facing the European energy system are the biggest in almost fifty years, since the great energy crises of the 1970s, and therefore the set of measures to overcome the consequences of the war in Ukraine for the EU energy sector is unprecedented. Cost-effective, rapid and large-scale deployment of sustainable renewable energy in line with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the REPowerEU Communication cannot be achieved by Member States on their own. Taking into account the different energy policies between Member States, action at EU level, backed by a robust governance structure, is more likely to achieve the EU’s climate goals and will require a greater deployment of renewables than national or local measures alone. Further measures could also include regulation of gas supply in the form of improved coordination of gas procurement and promotion of joint purchases by European gas market operators on the international market. Furthermore, it would be advisable to consider over time legislative measures to require diversification of gas supplies from individual Member States that have had such experience in the past. Particular attention should also be paid to improving the energy partnership with Ukraine. This would address the issues related to the importance of Ukraine as a transit country as well as those related to the reforms of the Ukrainian energy market, such as the modernisation of the gas network, the establishment of an appropriate regulatory framework for the electricity market and the improvement of energy efficiency in Ukraine as a means of reducing its dependence on imported energy. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

问题设置。文章强调了欧盟在军事侵略乌克兰的背景下依赖俄罗斯能源供应的热点问题,并论证了克服这种依赖的重要性。最新研究和出版物分析。近年来发表的大量科学论文表明,乌克兰和外国科学家(律师和经济学家)经常研究能源安全和欧盟成员国在能源部门合作的法律支持问题。目前,在法律和经济理论中,能源关系领域,特别是能源安全领域,最常与S. D.比洛茨基、T. A.格拉博维奇、R. R.杜巴斯、M. V.穆济琴科、M.罗根坎普、K.塔卢斯、P. D.卡梅伦等人的名字联系在一起。乌克兰战争大大加强了在欧洲维持适当的能源安全状态的努力,并因此加强了这一领域的科学发展。Аrticle的主体。入侵乌克兰事件严重影响了欧盟成员国乃至整个欧洲大陆的能源安全状况。这反过来又激活了在尽可能短的时间内制定新的和改进现有欧盟能源部门法律框架的进程。作者分析了一系列欧盟立法举措,旨在帮助成员国在不发生大规模动荡的情况下度过供暖季。从笔者对欧盟委员会提案的分析中可以看出,REPowerEU转型计划的规定,即根据欧盟的需要使用生态清洁能源,可以为克服欧洲对俄罗斯的能源依赖做出重大贡献。本文认为,经济有效、快速、大范围地发展可持续可再生能源,符合《欧洲绿色协议》和REPowerEU通信的要求,不可能由成员国独立实现。当然,如果没有所有欧盟成员国的有效协调和联合行动,这种负面后果的平衡是不可能的。过去几十年,强权政治一直是欧盟外交政策的核心,如今,强权政治已成为阻碍欧盟与邻国和能源供应国建立正确战略关系的诸多问题的根源。因此,研究欧盟对第三国的依赖问题及其决策方式,是当代的重大需要,对欧盟能源部门的进一步发展具有重要价值。结论是,这一套措施肯定会在预算领域、投资政策、工业生产结构、摊销费用、价格政策和税收等领域带来经济性质的后果。结论及发展展望。欧洲能源系统面临的挑战和不确定性是自20世纪70年代能源危机以来近50年来最大的,因此,为克服乌克兰战争对欧盟能源部门的影响而采取的一系列措施是前所未有的。根据《欧洲绿色协议》和REPowerEU通讯的规定,可持续可再生能源的成本效益、快速和大规模部署不能仅靠成员国自己实现。考虑到成员国之间不同的能源政策,在强有力的治理结构的支持下,欧盟层面的行动更有可能实现欧盟的气候目标,并且需要比单独的国家或地方措施更多地部署可再生能源。进一步的措施还可包括以改进天然气采购协调和促进欧洲天然气市场经营者在国际市场上联合采购的形式管制天然气供应。此外,最好考虑逐步采取立法措施,要求过去有这种经验的个别会员国提供多样化的天然气供应。还应特别注意改善与乌克兰的能源伙伴关系。这将处理与乌克兰作为一个过境国的重要性有关的问题,以及与乌克兰能源市场改革有关的问题,例如使天然气网络现代化、为电力市场建立适当的管理框架和提高乌克兰的能源效率,以减少其对进口能源的依赖。在不久的将来,双方将加强与能源共同体在能源领域的合作,这将确保欧盟和能源共同体能源市场更加紧密地一体化,有效实施欧盟环境政策,并刺激能源领域的投资。
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The Problems and Prospect s of Ensuring EU Energy Security During the Russian Aggression Against Ukraine
Problem setting. The article highlights the topical problems of the EU’s dependence on the supply of energy resources from Russia against the background of military aggression towards Ukraine and substantiates the importance of overcoming such dependence. Analysis of resent researches and publications. A considerable number of scientific papers published in recent years shows that the issues of energy security and legal support of cooperation between the EU Member States in the energy sector have often been studied by Ukrainian and foreign scientists both lawyers and economists. Currently, in legal and economic doctrines, the sphere of energy relations and, in particular, energy security is most often associated with the names of S. D. Bilotskyi, T. A. Grabovych, R. R. Dubas, M. V. Muzychenko, M. Roggenkamp, K. Talus, P. D. Cameron and others. The war in Ukraine has significantly intensified attempts to maintain a proper state of energy security in Europe and, accordingly, scientific developments in this sphere. Аrticle’s main body. The invasion in Ukraine significantly sway the state of energy security of the EU member states and the entire European continent in general. This, in turn, activated the process of developing a new and improving the existing EU legal framework in the energy sector in the shortest possible time. The author analyzes a set of EU legislative initiatives aimed at helping member states to get through the heating season without large-scale upheavals. From the proposals of the European Commission analyzed by the author, it can be seen that the provisions of the REPowerEU transformation plan, which provides for the use of ecologically clean energy for the needs of the EU, can make a significant contribution to overcoming European energy dependence on Russia. The author comes to the conclusion, that economically effective, rapid and wide-range development of sustainable renewable energy in accordance with the theses of the European Green Deal and the REPowerEU communication can’t be attained by states-members independently. Certainly, that leveling of negative consequences is impossible without effective co-ordination and association of actions of all EU member states. Last decades power politics is the central point of foreign policy of EU and now comes forward as a source of many spores that prevent to the attempts of EU to put right strategic relationships with the neighbours and suppliers of energy. Therefore, research of problems of dependence on the third countries and search of ways of their decision answer the major necessities of contemporaneity and has a substantial value for further development of the EU energy sector. It is concluded that such a set of measures will certainly be accompanied by consequences of an economic nature in the budgetary sphere, in investment policy, the structure of industry production, in the sphere of amortization expenses, price policy and taxation, etc. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The challenges and uncertainties facing the European energy system are the biggest in almost fifty years, since the great energy crises of the 1970s, and therefore the set of measures to overcome the consequences of the war in Ukraine for the EU energy sector is unprecedented. Cost-effective, rapid and large-scale deployment of sustainable renewable energy in line with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the REPowerEU Communication cannot be achieved by Member States on their own. Taking into account the different energy policies between Member States, action at EU level, backed by a robust governance structure, is more likely to achieve the EU’s climate goals and will require a greater deployment of renewables than national or local measures alone. Further measures could also include regulation of gas supply in the form of improved coordination of gas procurement and promotion of joint purchases by European gas market operators on the international market. Furthermore, it would be advisable to consider over time legislative measures to require diversification of gas supplies from individual Member States that have had such experience in the past. Particular attention should also be paid to improving the energy partnership with Ukraine. This would address the issues related to the importance of Ukraine as a transit country as well as those related to the reforms of the Ukrainian energy market, such as the modernisation of the gas network, the establishment of an appropriate regulatory framework for the electricity market and the improvement of energy efficiency in Ukraine as a means of reducing its dependence on imported energy. In the near future, the intention is to strengthen cooperation in the energy sector with the Energy Community, which will ensure closer integration of the EU and Energy Community energy markets, effective implementation of the EU environmental policy and stimulate investments in the energy sector.
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