BRIKET BIOMASSA DARI JERAMI PADI, SAMPAH DAUN DAN KOTORAN SAPI

Indonesia memiliki banyak limbah pertanian yang selama ini hanya dibiarkan atau dibakar begitu saja. Limbah pertanian yang merupakan biomassa mengandung selulosa cukup tinggi dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan berupa briket. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik briket yang dibuat  dari jerami padi, sampah daun dan kotoran sapi untuk dibandingkan dengan standar briket arang. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat briket dari bahan jerami padi, sampah daun dan kotoran sapi. Pembuatan briket biomassa dilakukan dengan teknik karbonisasi di dalam drum yang tertutup. Arang yang diperolah dihaluskan dan diayak 50 mesh selanjutnya ditambah bahan perekat berupa tapioka dengan perbandingan 7:1 dan sedikit air kemudian dicetak secara manual. Setelah dicetak, briket arang yang diperoleh  dijemur dibawah sinar matahari selama 3 hari. Waktu terbentuknya arang dari berbagai jenis biomassa berbeda-beda, waktu optimum untuk bahan dari jerami padi 30 menit, sampah daun 60 menit dan 75 menit untuk kotoran sapi dengan rendemen masing-masing 24,39%, 29,03%, dan 26,26%. Briket yang dihasilkan dari biomassa jerami padi memiliki kadar air 5,9% kadar abu 8,02%, kadar zat mudah menguap 35,68%, kadar karbon terikat 37,48% dan nilai kalor 3000 kal/gr. Briket dari sampah daun memiliki kadar air 5,6%, kadar abu 8,02%, kadar zat mudah menguap 32,46%, kadar karbon terikat 40,55% dan nilai kalor 4600 kal/gr. Briket dari kotoran sapi memiliki kadar air 8,4%, kadar abu 8,32%, kadar zat mudah menguap 26,63%, kadar karbon terikat 50,66% dan nilai kalor 5200 kal/gr. Kata kunci: briket, jerami padi, kotoran sapi,nilai kalor, sampah daun. AbstractIndonesia has a lot of agricultural waste that has been left or burned. Agricultural waste containing high cellulose which to be used as a renewable energy source in the form of briquettes. This study aims to find out the characteristics of briquettes made from rice straw, leaf litter and cow dung to be compared to standard charcoal briquettes. In this study made briquettes from rice straw, leaf waste and cow dung. The manufacture of biomass briquettes was done by carbonization in a closed drum.  The charcoal reduced in size in 50 mesh added tapioca adhesive in ratio of 7: 1 and a little water then formed to be briquettes manually. The charcoal briquettes obtained are dried in the sun for 3 days. The time for formation of charcoal from various types of biomass were varies, the optimum time for rice straw was 30 minutes, leaf waste was 60 minutes and 75 minutes for cow dung with yields of charcoal of rice straw was 24.39%, 29.03% for leaf waste and cow dung was 26.26%. Briquettes produced from biomass of rice straw have a  water content of 5.9% ash content of 8.02%, a volatile substance content of 35.68%, a carbon-bound content of 37.48% and a heat value of 3000 cal/gr. Briquettes from leaf litter have a water content of 5.6%, ash content of 8.02%, a volatile substance content of 32.46%, a carbon-bound content of 40.55% and a heat value of 4600 cal/gr. Briquettes from cow dung have a water content of 8.4%, ash content of 8.32%, a volatile substance content of 26.63%, a carbon-bound content of 50.66% and a heat value of 5200 cal/gr. Keywords:  briquettes, cow dung, heat value, leaf litter rice straw..