磁共振成像:一种测量流动系统湍流强度的工具

O. Adegbite, L. Kadem, B. Newling
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摘要

了解流固相互作用和阻塞下游的流体动力学对于在医学和工业中应用的设备的设计和制造至关重要。众所周知,障碍物下游的流体流动模式可能非常复杂,是三维的,包括涡旋的形成、再循环流动、流动分离和湍流的发生。任何这种流动模式的发展都可能不利于流动系统的最佳性能。在这项工作中,我们使用磁共振成像(MRI)技术来研究人工心脏瓣膜下游的流动动力学。MRI是一种天然的三维、非侵入性技术,在临床、生物医学研究和材料研究中得到了应用。它具有可视化材料内部结构和量化质量输运性质的能力。在这项体外研究中,我们测量了两种配置(完全打开和部分打开)下阀门下游的湍流扩散率和速度。我们的特殊实现的MRI测量(被称为SPRITE成像)对快速湍流具有不同寻常的鲁棒性,并且已被证明在10 5数量级的雷诺数下有效,远远高于大多数传统的临床MRI技术。结果表明:阀门全开状态下下游湍流扩散系数较低,而阀门部分开启状态下下游湍流扩散系数较高,同时存在高速射流和再循环流。有不同的
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MRI: a tool for measuring turbulent intensities in flow systems
Understanding the fluid-structure interaction and fluid dynamics downstream of an obstruction is crucial in the design and fabrication of devices that find application in both medicine and industry. It is known that the fluid flow patterns downstream of an obstruction may be very complex and are three dimensional, including the formation of vortices, recirculating flow, flow separation and the onset of turbulence. The development of any such pattern of flow might be detrimental to the optimal performance of the flow system. In this work we have used the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to investigate flow dynamics downstream of an artificial heart valve. MRI is a naturally threedimensional, non-invasive technique that finds application in clinical, biomedical research and materials research. It has the capability to visualize the internal structure of materials and also to quantify mass transport properties. In this in vitro study, we have measured the turbulent diffusivity and velocity downstream of the valve in two configurations (fully opened and partially opened). Our particular implementation of the MRI measurement (known as SPRITE imaging) is unusually robust to fast turbulent flows and has been demonstrated effective at Reynolds numbers on the order 10 5 , much higher than possible with most conventional, clinical MRI techniques. The results showed a low turbulent diffusivity downstream of the fully opened valve configuration, while the turbulent diffusivity is higher downstream of the partially opened valve coupled with a high-velocity fluid jet and recirculating flow. There are distinct
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