Percepción y sentimientos ante la estigmatización de personas con esquizofrenia

espanolObjetivo: conocer que piensan y sienten las personas con esquizofrenia ante la autopercepcion del estigma de su enfermedad. Metodo: se realizo un estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenologico. La poblacion de estudio fueron los usuarios del Centro de Dia de la Asociacion Morea (Asociacion de familiares y enfermos mentales) de Ourense. El muestreo fue intencional, seleccionandose siete personas mayores de edad con diagnostico de esquizofrenia (DMS-5), con una evolucion minima de dos anos. Para la recogida de los datos se utilizo entrevista semiestructurada individual (dos entrevistas consecutivas al mismo sujeto), efecuada por dos entrevistadores, que fueron grabadas y transcritas. Se llevo a cabo analisis tematico (identificacion y categorizacion de los principales ejes de significado subyacentes en los datos). Resultados: tras el analisis de las entrevistas se detectaron cinco categorias tematicas: “culpabilidad”, “roles sociales”, “miedo al rechazo y peligrosidad”, “responsabilidad” y “perdida de capacidades y control”. Todos los participantes son conscientes de su enfermedad, de su cronicidad y de que tendran que tomar tratamiento de por vida. Manifiestan haber perdido relaciones con amigos e incluso familia a raiz de su enfermedad. La mayoria percibe que el resto de la poblacion les tiene miedo. Todos consideran que la enfermedad les ha hecho perder capacidades como la memoria, la atencion y la autonomia para algunas facetas de la vida. Conclusiones: las personas con esquizofrenia se sienten estigmatizadas por la sociedad. A colacion de los resultados obtenidos parece necesario aumentar la informacion y educacion en la poblacion para disminuir el estigma y los prejuicios hacia las personas que padecen esquizofrenia y poder asi facilitar su plena integracion en la sociedad. EnglishObjective: to understand the feelings and thoughts of people with schizophrenia faced with their own perception of the stigma associated with their disease. Methods: a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. The study population was the users of the Morea Association Day Centre (Association of mental patients and relatives) in Ourense. The sample was intentional, and seven persons of age with diagnosis of schizophrenia were selected (DMS-5), with a minimum two-year evolution. Individual semi-structured interview was used for data collection (two consecutive interviews with the same subject), conducted by two interviewers, which were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted (identification and classification of the main axes of meaning underlying in data). Results: after the analysis of the interviews, five thematic categories were detected: “guilt”, “social roles”, “fear of rejection and danger”, “responsibility” and “loss of abilities and control”. All participants were aware of their disease, its chronicity and that they would have to take life-long treatment. They stated that they had lost contact with friends and even relatives due to their disease. Most of them perceived that the rest of the population was afraid of them. All of them considered that their disease had led them to lose abilities such as memory, attention, and independence for some aspects in life. Conclusions: people with schizophrenia feel stigmatized by society. Based on the results obtained, it seems necessary to increase information and education among the population in order to reduce the stigma and prejudices towards people who suffer schizophrenia, and thus facilitate their complete integration into the society.