TRATAMENTO ENDOSCÓPICO DA NEOPLASIA GÁSTRICA PRECOCE

OBJECTIVE: Early gastric cancer (PGC) is defined as gastric carcinoma, which invades up to the submucosal layer, with or without lymph node metastasis, regardless of the size of the lesion. The 5-year survival rate for tumors restricted to the mucosa is between 92 and 99%, and when they reach the submucosa, it varies from 85 to 93%. The objective is to gather information about PGC and possible endoscopic therapeutic approaches. METHODS: In this review, articles were selected through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, between the years 2017 and 2021, in English and Portuguese. CONCLUSION: Although the gold standard treatment for PGC is gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy, endoscopic resection has become the approach of choice as it presents results comparable to conventional surgery, in reducing morbidity and mortality, with low complication rates and low cost, as well as preserving the quality of life of the patient. There are two possible techniques: endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). When comparing the two techniques, EMR is not indicated for resecting lesions larger than 2 cm, as it increases the risk of local recurrence. In turn, ESD has higher rates of en bloc resection of larger lesions, however, it is associated with higher perforation rates and a longer procedure time. Follow-up is defined based on the classification of the lesion according to the endoscopic curability index (eCure) A, B, or C. Endoscopic treatment for PGC has replaced conventional surgery as it is a minimally invasive method and has several advantages.