Arsenic tolerance mechanisms in halophytes: the case of Tamarix gallica.

Abstract Toxic compounds in the ecosphere are the consequence of environmental pollution, and have a disruptive influence in the environment. They affect ecosystems, entering food chains and ultimately touching human health. Metal consumption has increased by 300% in the last 50 years and the anthropogenic release of metallic elements such as Pb, Hg, As, Cd, Al and Cr has increased since the beginning of the industrial era. Different strategies have been identified to overcome metallic stress. Knowledge of plant stress responses and adaptations at physiological, biochemical and cellular levels is a priority in understanding the impact of these constraints on plant biodiversity. These adaptations have evolved naturally in halophytes as responses to their colonization of saline ecosystems, and therefore make halophytes good model plants. In this chapter we discuss the biophysical mechanisms underlying energy capture and transduction in halophytes and their relation to pigment profile alteration, compartmentation and subcellular localization, to devise sustainable strategies for environmental or ecosystem management and safety.