Formation and origin of asymmetric ring galaxies

We use a modified particle‐mesh N‐body code, which can enhance the resolution of certain desirable regions to study the interaction between dark halo and its enclosed galaxy. We find that a transient rings with the nuclei displaced toward the edge of the ring can easily form if the center of the halo and the center of galaxy are separated by a distance d and move with a relative velocity υ. More intriguingly, these asymmetric rings can last up to a few billion years for some narrow parametric regimes of d and υ. An estimation of the probability of forming relatively stable asymmetric ring galaxies from our model are consistent with the observed results.