通过提高泵送效率来降低PCM的写入能耗

Huizhang Luo, Qing Liu, J. Hu, Qiao Li, Liang Shi, Qingfeng Zhuge, E. Sha
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引用次数: 2

摘要

新兴的相变存储器(PCM)由于具有更高的可扩展性和更低的泄漏功率,被认为是取代DRAM作为下一代主存储器的有希望的候选人。然而,高写入功耗已成为采用PCM作主存的主要挑战。除了写入PCM电池需要高写入电流和电压之外,电荷泵中的电流损耗也占高功耗的很大比例。PCM芯片的泵浦效率是写电流的凹函数。利用凹函数的特性,如果写入电流均匀,则可以提高整体泵浦效率。在本文中,我们提出了一种峰平均(PTA)写入方案,该方案通过重新分组写入单元来平滑写入电流波动。特别是,我们根据每个写单元从最后一级缓存(LLC)中被驱逐时的值来计算当前对它们的需求。当写单元在内存控制器中等待时,我们通过plc辅助PTA对写单元进行重组,以达到电流均匀的目标。实验结果表明,与基线相比,llc辅助PTA实现了13.4%的总体节能。
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Write Energy Reduction for PCM via Pumping Efficiency Improvement
The emerging Phase Change Memory (PCM) is considered to be a promising candidate to replace DRAM as the next generation main memory due to its higher scalability and lower leakage power. However, the high write power consumption has become a major challenge in adopting PCM as main memory. In addition to the fact that writing to PCM cells requires high write current and voltage, current loss in the charge pumps also contributes a large percentage of high power consumption. The pumping efficiency of a PCM chip is a concave function of the write current. Leveraging the characteristics of the concave function, the overall pumping efficiency can be improved if the write current is uniform. In this article, we propose a peak-to-average (PTA) write scheme, which smooths the write current fluctuation by regrouping write units. In particular, we calculate the current requirements for each write unit by their values when they are evicted from the last level cache (LLC). When the write units are waiting in the memory controller, we regroup the write units by LLC-assisted PTA to reach the current-uniform goal. Experimental results show that LLC-assisted PTA achieved 13.4% of overall energy saving compared to the baseline.
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