Analysis of serum uric acid levels and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing

Objective To examine uric acid (UA) levels and their influencing factors among primary and middle school students in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide referential guidance for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in teenagers. Methods A total of 1 483 students from four middle schools and four primary schools in three cities and three towns in Tongzhou District were selected for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood examination using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The results of the serum uric acid (SUA) examinations were statistically analyzed and the influencing factors were evaluated. Results The UA level of the students was skewed, with a median value of 296.0 mol/L and an interquartile distance of 96.0 mol/L. The overall detection rate of hyperuricemia was 14.83% (220/1 483). Middle school students (342 µmol/L), students from villages and towns (307 µmol/L), males (309 µmol/L), family dining students (298 µmol/L), students with high levels of triglyceride (TG) (318 µmol/L), students with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (329 µmol/L), and obese students (303 µmol/L) all had statistically higher SUA levels ( H/U value was 119 938, 229 525, 212 043, 156 347, 42 052, 63 375, 33.49, P <0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the HUA detection rate was higher in older age groups, middle school students, township students, overweight or obese students, and low HDL-C students (χ 2 =614.55, 73.20, 6.16, 30.56, 14.50, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that older age, being male, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for HUA ( P <0.05). Conclusion The SUA level and the detection rate of hyperuricemia among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District were high, and the risk of disease and influencing factors had significant characteristics. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened. 【摘要】 目的 了解北京市通州区中小学生血尿酸水平及影响因素, 为青少年髙尿酸血症 (HUA) 防控提供参考依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法, 抽取北京市通州区 3 个城区和 3 个乡镇的 4 所中学与 4 所小学共 1 483 名学生进行问 卷调査、体格和血液检査, 并对血尿酸水平及影响因素进行分析。 结果 通州区中小学生血尿酸水平呈偏态分布, 中位值 为 296.0 moL/L, 四分位距为 96.0 mol/L, 髙尿酸血症总检出率为 14.83% (220/1 483)。单因素分析显示, 中学生、乡镇学生、 男生、家庭用餐学生、髙三酰甘油学生、髙密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低 (HDL-C) 学生、肥胖学生的血清尿酸水平相对较髙, 差异 均有统计学意义 ( H/U 值分别为 119 938,229 525,212 043, 156 347,42 052,63 375,33.49, P 值均<0.05); 髙年龄段、中学 生、乡镇学生、超重或肥胖以及低 HDL-C 的学生 HUA 检出率较髙 (χ 2 值分别为 614.55,73.20,6.16,30.56, 14.50, P 值均<0.05); 多因素 Logistic 回归显示, 髙年龄段、男生、低HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较髙、超重和肥胖均与 HUA 呈正相关 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 通州区中小学生血尿酸水平及髙尿酸血症检出率处于较髙水平, 患病风险和影响因素具有显著特征, 应加强针对性防控措施。