基于空气动力学性能的中速列车外形优化设计

S. Sugiono, Agung Sedaju, O. Novareza, D. Sulistyorini
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摘要

列车的气动性能直接影响着驾驶能量的利用和乘客的舒适度。本文旨在模拟几种形式的列车模型,这些模型在120 - 150公里/小时的中速下产生低而稳定的气动障碍和低噪音。首先要做的是研究火车设计模型、空气声学、空气动力学和人体工程学方面的文献。利用计算流体动力学(CFD)和计算航空航天(CAA)对现有的细长比= 4、6和8的3D CAD和S-R列车模型进行了测试,以确定气流的影响。已经建造的模型以120至150公里/小时的中速进行了测试。最终的模拟结果表明,现有列车产生的阻力系数(Cd)约为1.27,平均噪音为35.9dB,燃油需求为1.7升/公里。这与长细比为6的列车不同,后者的阻力系数(Cd)为0.436左右,平均噪音为9.4 dB,每公里油耗为0.73升,气动性能最佳。结果表明,中速需要调整长细比= 6的S-R列车模型,才能产生良好的气动性能,提高列车用户舒适度,节约燃料。
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Optimal Shape Design of Medium-Speed Train based on Aerodynamics Performance
Train aerodynamic performance greatly affects the efficiency of driving energy and passengers’ comfort. This paper aimed to simulate several forms of train models that produce low and stable aerodynamic obstacles as well as low noise at medium speeds of 120 – 1 50 km/hr. The first step to do was the study of literature on train design models, aeroacoustics, aerodynamics, and human ergonomics. Existing 3D CAD and S-R train models with slender ratios = 4, 6, and 8 were tested using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Aerospace (CAA) to determine the impact of airflow. The models that have been built were tested at medium speeds of 120 to 150 km/hr. The final simulation results showed that the existing train produced a drag coefficient (Cd) of around 1.27, average noise of 35.9dB, and fuel requirements by 1.7 liters/km. It is different from trains with a slenderness ratio = 6 that produces the best aerodynamic performance with a drag coefficient (Cd) around 0.436, average noise of 9.4 dB, and fuel consumption of 0.73 liters/km. The results concluded that the medium speed needs to adjust the S-R train model with a slenderness ratio = 6 that can produce an aerodynamic performance to improve train user comfort and save fuel.
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