自适应播放控制:电影VR创作者拥抱观众互动的框架

Lingwei Tong, R. Lindeman, H. Regenbrecht
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引用次数: 0

摘要

内容创作者一直在尝试使用360度视频等沉浸式媒体来制作引人入胜的电影虚拟现实(CVR)体验。然而,对于从事CVR的创作者,特别是那些从事与观众互动的CVR叙事的创作者来说,缺乏一个完整而灵活的框架,比如电影导演的电影制作语法工具箱。研究者和创作者普遍认为,以观众为中心的故事设计和观众的互动意愿是CVR叙事的两个内在特征。在本文中,我们基于这一共同点提出了自适应回放控制(APC)作为一套指导方针,以帮助内容创造者在制作过程中做出关于故事结构和观众互动执行的设计决策。我们并没有着眼于CVR所涵盖的所有内容,而是设置了一些限制,让我们只关注以导游风格为导向的文化遗产内容。我们进一步选择了交互式CVR的两个重要元素:叙事进程(导演vs.观众控制)和观众互动的可见性(隐性vs.显性)作为本阶段的主要主题。我们进行了一项用户研究,通过结合这两个元素来评估四种变体,并测量了粘性、乐趣、可用性和记忆性能的水平。我们的发现之一是在客观结果上没有差异。结合客观数据和对参与者行为的观察,我们提供了指导方针,作为APC框架应用的起点。创作者需要根据一件作品的目的是唤起情感共鸣还是促进知识的有效转移,来选择观众是否能够控制叙事进程和互动的可见性。此外,创作者需要考虑观众的自然探索倾向,并在添加互动元素时提供额外的激励来激发观众的探索行为。我们建议对以观众参与和代理为目的的项目进行更多的观众控制,而对以教育和培训为重点的项目进行更多的导演控制。如果观众对互动结果的不确定性能够得到缓解,那么显性控制(相对于隐性控制)也将产生更高水平的粘性和乐趣。
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Adaptive Playback Control: A Framework for Cinematic VR Creators to Embrace Viewer Interaction
Content creators have been trying to produce engaging and enjoyable Cinematic Virtual Reality (CVR) experiences using immersive media such as 360-degree videos. However, a complete and flexible framework, like the filmmaking grammar toolbox for film directors, is missing for creators working on CVR, especially those working on CVR storytelling with viewer interactions. Researchers and creators widely acknowledge that a viewer-centered story design and a viewer’s intention to interact are two intrinsic characteristics of CVR storytelling. In this paper, we stand on that common ground and propose Adaptive Playback Control (APC) as a set of guidelines to assist content creators in making design decisions about the story structure and viewer interaction implementation during production. Instead of looking at everything CVR covers, we set constraints to focus only at cultural heritage oriented content using a guided-tour style. We further choose two vital elements for interactive CVR: the narrative progression (director vs. viewer control) and visibility of viewer interaction (implicit vs. explicit) as the main topics at this stage. We conducted a user study to evaluate four variants by combining these two elements, and measured the levels of engagement, enjoyment, usability, and memory performance. One of our findings is that there were no differences in the objective results. Combining objective data with observations of the participants’ behavior we provide guidelines as a starting point for the application of the APC framework. Creators need to choose if the viewer will have control over narrative progression and the visibility of interaction based on whether the purpose of a piece is to invoke emotional resonance or promote efficient transfer of knowledge. Also, creators need to consider the viewer’s natural tendency to explore and provide extra incentives to invoke exploratory behaviors in viewers when adding interactive elements. We recommend more viewer control for projects aiming at viewer’s participation and agency, but more director control for projects focusing on education and training. Explicit (vs. implicit) control will also yield higher levels of engagement and enjoyment if the viewer’s uncertainty of interaction consequences can be relieved.
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