地名过度扩张与经济发展的关系——以兹拉蒂博尔山为例

Mirčeta Vemić
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摘要

地名是具有较长历史地理延续性的地名。当地居民一代一代地继承它们,记住它们,并告知后代和居民它们的空间包围。在科学上,表示具体地理对象的地名被记录并写在地图上,具有一定的空间边界,因此是研究地理区域的一个非常稳定的因素。地名的变化发生在较长的时间内,即文明时代,很少发生在较短的时间内,这通常是人口的突然变化或领土的政治历史环境的变化。然而,由于与人的良知相联系,地名往往具有不同的内在空间意义和不同的领土归属,并因其原因而变窄或蔓延,如Zlatibor地名。近百年的经济发展,使这一地名在空间上得到了扩展,并产生了新的形态。它以oronym(救济对象的名称)的形式出现,直到今天仍保持着同样的意思,尽管有一段时间它在地图上被记录为horonym(地名)。在过去的十年中,它也以oikonym(定居点名称)-Zlatibor出现,Kraljeva Voda前定居点的名称,后来的Partizanske Vode与Palisad合并,但也作为更广泛的空间行政区域的名称-Zlatibor Region。同时,通过Zlatibor地名的传播,Cigota, Tornik和Murtenica的地名在地域上被缩小了,而随着经济发展的类似延续,可以预期Zlatibor地名将来会在Tara和Zlatar山脉的领土上蔓延,而这些山脉的地名将会减少。
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Overspreading of toponyms in dependence on economic development in the example of Mountain Zlatibor
Toponyms are proper geographic names of longer historic-geographic continuation. Local population inherits them by generation, remember them and inform both descendants and population of their spatial encirclement. In science toponyms denoting concrete geographic objects are recorded and written on maps with certain spatial borders representing thus a very stable element in studying geographic area. Changes of toponyms occur in longer time, i.e. civilization epochs, and very rarely in shorter time periods, these are usually the cases of sudden change of population or changes of political-historical circumstances of a territory. However, as linked to human conscience, toponyms often get different internal spatial meanings as well as different territorial belonging, where, in dependence on causes, they get narrower or overspread as in the case of Zlatibor toponyms. Total economic development of Zlatibor in the last more than a hundred years has caused this toponym spatially spread and got new forms. It appeared as oronym (name of relief object) and it has kept the same meaning up today, although in one period it was recorded as horonym (regional name) on maps. In the last decade it also appeared as oikonym (name of settlement)-Zlatibor, the name for ex settlement of Kraljeva Voda, later Partizanske Vode, joined with Palisad, but also as the name for wider spatial-administrative region-Zlatibor Region. At the same time, by spreading Zlatibor toponym, the toponyms of Cigota, Tornik and Murtenica are narrowed territorially, while with similar continuation of economic development it may be expected that Zlatibor toponym will overspread on the territory of Tara and Zlatar Mountains in the future, while these ones will reduce on names of their parts-peaks.
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