DeepAD: A Deep Learning Based Approach to Stroke-Level Abnormality Detection in Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition

Writing abnormality detection is very important in education applications, but has received little attention by the community. Considering that abnormally written strokes (writing error or largely distorted stroke) affect the decision confidence of classifier, we propose an approach named DeepAD to detect stroke-level abnormalities in handwritten Chinese characters by analyzing the decision process of deep neural network (DNN). Firstly, to minimize the effect of stroke width variation of handwritten characters, we propose a skeletonization method based on fully convolutional network (FCN) with cross detection. With a convolutional neural network (CNN) for character classification, we evaluate the role of each skeleton pixel by calculating its impact on the prediction of classifier, and detect abnormal strokes by connecting pixels of negative impact. For quantitative evaluation of performance, we build a template-free dataset named SA-CASIA-HW containing 3696 handwritten Chinese characters with various stroke-level abnormalities, and spanning 3000+ different classes written by 60 individual writers. We validate the usefulness of the proposed DeepAD with comparison to related methods.