A comparative study of controllers for optimal speed control of hybrid electric vehicle

In this article, speed of a non-linear hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is achieved by adjusting its throttle position. Different controllers such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID), pole placement controller, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) and state observer based controller (OBC) are proposed. First, mathematical model of the vehicle is designed then open-loop stability, controllability and observability of the model is verified. The purpose of this paper is to ensure uniform throttle movement, to maintain a desired vehicle speed and zero steady-state speed to increase the efficiency of the vehicles because the modern electric vehicles are very much reliant on control automation system applied. Time domain analysis is applied and through repetitive simulations, better optimal control technique is established which gives better fuel economy and improved driving safety by controlling speed of electric vehicles through throttle position.