Breakfast consumption and influencing factors of primary and middle school students in rural poor areas of Guizhou Province

Objective To understand the current situation of breakfast consumption and its influencing factors in primary and middle school students in a poor rural area in a city in Guizhou Province, and to provide scientific basis for child nutrition education and intervention. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of breakfast behavior and influencing factors among 2 833 students from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in a area of Guizhou Province from April to June 2019. Results The most frequently consumed breakfast was rice noodle products (71.66%), followed by fresh vegetables (45.89%), milk (35.55%), meat/egg/fish (29.33%), beans (19.52%), and fresh fruits (18.74%). The proportion of having breakfast everyday among elementary and middle school students who was 62.97%, and having breakfast 4 一 6 days peer week was 22.80%, and 14.23% with ≤3 days peer week, and the proportion of boys who ate breakfast every day (65.07%) was higher than girls (61.00%) ( χ 2 = 10.01, P <0.05). The proportion of low quality breakfast was 71.87%, and girls (73.68%) were higher than boys (69.94%) (χ 2 = 9.29, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that grade of school, boarding school, and sleep quality are all influencing factors for whether to eat breakfast every day; grade of school, whether to stay at school were factors that affect breakfast quality ( P <0.05). Conclusion The frequency and quality of breakfast need more improvement among middle and primary school students in a poor rural area of a city in Guizhou Province. Students, parents, and teachers should be educated on nutrition to promote healthy eating and sleeping habits and improve student health. 【摘要】 目的 了解贵州省农村贫困地区中小学生早餐现状及影响因素, 为开展儿童营养教育及制定干预措施提供科学 依据。 方法 采用分层整群抽样方法, 于 2019 年 4—6 月对贵州省某市 3 所小学和 3 所中学 2 833 名学生进行早餐行为与 影响因素问卷调査。 结果 中小学生早餐食用频率最髙的是谷薯类 (71.66%), 其次为新鲜蔬菜 (45.89%)、奶类 (35.55% )、肉/蛋/鱼类 (29.33% )、豆类 (19.52% )、新鲜水果 (18.74% )。中小学生能每天吃早餐的比例为62.97%, 每周吃 4~ 6次早餐的为 22.80%, ≤3 次的为14.23%, 男生每天都吃早餐的比例 (65.07% )髙于女生 (61.00% ), 差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 = 10.01, P <0.05)。早餐营养差的比例达 71.87%, 女生 (73.68%)髙于男生 (69.94%) (χ 2 = 9.29, P <0.05)。Logistic 回归 分析结果显示, 学段、是否住校、睡眠质量均是每天吃早餐的影响因素；学段、是否住校是早餐质量的影响因素 (P值均< 0.05)。 结论 贵州省某市农村贫困地区中小学生每天吃早餐的比例较低, 早餐营养质量差。应对学生、家长、老师开展营 养知识教育, 促使学生养成健康的饮食和睡眠生活习惯, 改善学生健康状况。