Seasonality of Acute Cholecystitis: A Review of Global Patterns

Background: Acute Cholecystitis occurs throughout the year, but some months are associated with higher incidences. The aim of this study is to review prior research, summarise the current knowledge and controversies related to seasonal variability of acute cholecystitis and to examine whether acute cholecystitis has a seasonal pattern. Material and methods: Studies analysing the seasonal variation of acute cholecystitis were identified from PubMed, Cochrane library and Google Scholar from 1990 to July 2021 with key words. The search was restricted to articles published in English. The references of the identified papers for further relevant publications were also reviewed. Result: Twelve studies were conducted between the period from 1990 to 2021 from 9 countries around the world (Saudi Arabia, England, Pakistan, Iran, USA, Taiwan and Germany) were reviewed. Acute cholecystitis predominantly peaks during summer season in the revised literature from the studied countries apart from Germany. Cholecystitis occurred more frequently in females in England, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran and Taiwan. Few studies analysed the association of acute cholecystitis and age; in England and Taiwan it was more common among older patients. Conclusion: Acute cholecystitis is more common in the summer months. Resource allocation towards the summer months to target seasonal peaks in acute cholecystitis should be considered.