Support for Heritage Tourism Development: The Case of Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, Indonesia

This study aims to invetigate the effect of negative economic, social cultural, and environment impact on support for tourism development. Besides, this study also seek whether there is a significant effect of negative economic, social cultural, and environment impact on support for tourism development. Social exchange theory is applied to undertand these relationships. Seventy seven residents of Sawahlunto are participated in this study. This study apply SEM-PLS (Smart-PLS) to analys the data. measurement and structural model assessment is conducted before concluding whether there is a significant effect of latent independent variables on support for tourism development. The result reveals that out of sixt variables being tested, only two latent independent variables have a positive relationship with support for tourism development: positive social cultural impact and positive environment impact. This study has two implications: theoritical and practical. Theoritically, this study contribute to the social exchagne theory in the sense that resident gains positive impact is likely willing to exchange with positive attitude toward suporting the tourism development in the context of Indonesia’s enviroment. Practically, this study can be used by govenement in how to gain the residents’ support of Sawahlunto by increasing the positive social cultural and environment impact from tourism deevelopment 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY One of an effective way to regenerate the commercialisation of destination is tourism development (Chen and Chen 2010). One of the theme for tourism development is heritage. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) add that heritage tourism is usually regards to the domains of cultural tourism and urban tourism. The word of heritage has been introduced and become a buzz in 1990 (Palmer, 1999). In the Urban context, heritage places are midst the crucial sectors of tourism (Jung and Han 2014). There are several organizations to promote the heritage site (Dieck et al., 2015). Two examples of that organization are the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and UNESCO which conserve monument and sites around the world. Urban heritage sites have been developing in many countries. It is as consequences of several factor affects on tourism outcome, such as material impact because of reduced season ability, expanded stays and expanded customer based (Chang et al., 1996; Patuelli et al., 2013). Jung and Han (Jung et al., 2014) state that there are several negative impacts due to urban heritage tourism development regarding to use of space. In fact, Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) documented that several factors affecting the attitude toward heritage tourism development: economic, social-cultural, and environments. Central and local government, in every country have been developing the tourism destination, including heritage tourism. However, they forget about heritage management and suitability and it is critical concerns from both party of practitioners and academics. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) argue that the residents’ support for tourism development is the success of heritage tourism. Besides, the succes of factors are also attractive heritage resources, uniqueness, successful tourism policy and maintainability. Research on residents’ support for tourism development has been done by previous researcher (Perdue et al., 1990; Sirakaya et al., 2002; Stylidis et al., 2014; Lee, 2013; Chen et al., 2010). Perdue et al. (Perdue et al., 1990) investigate the factors affecting the supporting for additional tourism development in 16 rural Colorado community and found that there are several significant factors, such as positive or negative impact on tourism. In addition, (Sirakaya et al., 2002) assess the determiWongso, J., Ilona, D., Zaitul, . and Anif, B. Support for Heritage Tourism Development: The Case of Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, Indonesia. DOI: 10.5220/0009185402290236 In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology (ICoSET 2019), pages 229-236 ISBN: 978-989-758-463-3 Copyright c © 2020 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved 229 nants of supporting for tourism development in Ghana and conclude that social-psychological factors influence the supporting for tourism development, such as tourism’s impact. Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010) investigate the interrelationship between economic dependence on tourism, community attachment, perceived negative tourism impact, perceived positive tourism impacts and support for tourism development in Taiwan. Lee (Lee, 2013) study the effect of community attachment, community involvement, perceived benefit, and perceived cost on support for sustainable tourism development, in southwest Taiwan and found that community involvement and community attachment have a significant effect on level of support for tourism development. Finally, (Stylidis et al., 2014) investigate the support for tourism development in northern Greece and found that the higher the economics, social-culture and environmental tourism impacts, the greater the support for tourism development. Previous studies on support for tourism development much more focus on general tourism development. Study on heritage tourism development has been examined, but emphasize on cultural heritage tourism development (Chen et al., 2010). There is a lack of study investigating the urban or historical value heritage tourism development. Besides, studies on effect of tourism impact on support for tourism development has been seen from economic, social cultural and environmental impact (Gursoy et al., 2002; Gursoy et al., 2004; Lindberg et al., 1997; Yoon et al., 2001; Ko et al., 2002; Sharma et al., 2009; Jurowski et al., 1997; Chen et al., 2010; Lee, 2013), but the result is inconclusive. Most of support for tourism development studies are underpinned by social exchange theory (Emerson, 1976). In addition, there is an effort of Indonesia’s government to develop a world heritage called “ Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto” or OCMHS, in west Sumatra, Indonesia. It is being nominated by UNESCO as one of world heritages which will be conducted a plenary session in June 2019. Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto is representative and outstanding example of a pioneering technological ensemble planned and built by European engineers in their colonies designed to extract strategic coal resources 1. Government of Sawahlunto, West Sumatra Province government and central of government of Indonesia have economic objective to develop this 1Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto, a short guide: nomination for inscription on the world heritage list, available at office of cultural affair, historical remains and museum of Sawahlunto municipality. site to be world heritage: tourism purpose. However, there is no study investigating the residents’ support for this historical value and urban heritage tourism development. Therefore, this kind of study is compulsory to be conducted, otherwise the governments does not have knowledge of resident’s support for this heritage tourism development. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effect of the positive and negative of economic, social-cultural, and environment impact on residents’ support for heritage tourism development in Indonesia. The research framework is shown in Figure 2 below. This paper is significant for government of Indonesia, and Sawahlunto municipality to have a sustainability heritage tourism. This article can contribute to the literature of heritage tourism management. Due to uniqueness of Indonesia’s culture, social and law system, this study differ compared to previous studies which done in difference environment, such as study done by Chen and Chen (Chen et al., 2010). The remaining of this paper is organised as follow. Method and material are second part of this paper. The third session is about result and discussion. the final session is conclusion and recommendation. Thus, we test six hypotheses in this study as follow. H1: there is positive effect of positive economic impact on support for OCMHS development H2: there is negative effect of negative economic impact on support for OCMHS development H3: there is positive effect of positive social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H4: there is negative effect of negative social cultural impact on support for OCMHS development H5: there is positive effect of positive environment impact on support for OCMHS development H6: there is negative effect of negative environment impact on support for OCMHS development