First Industrial Flowlines Descaling Field Deployment Utilizing High Power Laser Technology

This paper presents the first field descaling deployment in the industry and a successful case study utilizing high power laser technology. The innovative technology was able to descale blocked flowlines without affecting the substrate integrity. The technology is safe, efficient, and cost-effective, providing a long-term solution, and extending the life span of the flowlines, casing, tubing, and others. High power laser technology has been tested and proven to effectively penetrate and remove materials in all types of rocks regardless of the strength and composition. This includes accumulations and deposits of iron sulfide, calcium carbonate, asphaltene, and others. The success of over two decades of intensive research has led to the development of the first high power laser field system. The design of the system is enclosed, providing safe and environmentally friendly operation; it consists of a laser energy-generator, nitrogen tank, vacuum truck and the tool. The function of the tool is to control the size and the shape of the beam that focuses on the targeted materials. The descaling process is done by utilizing the power of a laser to melt, spall or vaporize the materials. All the debris and materials removed are captured in a vacuum truck providing a clean operation. The technology was deployed in two flowline sections with different scale deposits. The first sample had an ankylosed scale covering the pipe's transversal area. The second sample combined scale with fresh hydrocarbons. The key parameters used for the deployment are volume of the scale removed, time, cost, and reusability of the pipe. The successful field deployment demonstrated that the technology could fully remove scale from the carbon steel flowlines without damaging the substrate. The removal rate reached as high as 18 inch per minute (IPM). The main factor affecting speed is the scale's thickness and vacuum efficiency. The analysis of the inner surface of the flowline showed the walls were clear of scale and maintained their original integrity. The descaled flowline could potentially be reused immediately after completing the process High power laser descaling technology is an innovative alternative to current descaling methods, which rely on chemical or mechanical means to remove the scale. The precise control of the beam allows targeting the scale without affecting the flowline's integrity. The technology is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, extends the lifespan of flowlines, dispenses with replacements, decreases downtime, reduces manpower, and eliminates waste. It is a key contributor to attaining net-zero and sustainable operations.