B和D型欧拉数的双客观证明

L. Santocanale
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引用次数: 0

摘要

设$\Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle$、$\Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\crk}\Bigr\rangle$和$\Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle$分别为A、B和D类型中的欧拉数——即n个元素具有$k$递减的排列数,($n$元素的)具有$k$ B递减的有符号排列数,($n$元素的)具有$k$ D递减的偶符号排列数。设$S_n(t) =\sum_{k = 0}^{n-1} \Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$$B_n(t) =\sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$和$D_n(t) =\sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$。我们给出了恒等式$$B_n(t^2) = (1 + t)^{n+1}S_n(t) - 2^ntS_n(t^2)$$和Stembridge恒等式$$D_n(t) = B_n(t) -n2^{n-1}tS_{n-1}(t).$$的双射证明,这些双射证明依赖于有符号排列作为路径的表示。使用这种表示,我们还建立了偶符号排列和对之间的非客观对应关系$(w, E)$与$([n], E)$的阈值图和$w$的度排序$([n], E)$,我们使用它来获得阈值图的枚举结果的双客观证明。
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Bijective proofs for Eulerian numbers of types B and D
Let $\Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle$, $\Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle$, and $\Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle$ be the Eulerian numbers in the types A, B, and D, respectively -- that is, the number of permutations of n elements with $k$ descents, the number of signed permutations (of $n$ elements) with $k$ type B descents, the number of even signed permutations (of $n$ elements) with $k$ type D descents. Let $S_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^{n-1} \Bigl\langle\matrix{n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$, $B_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{B_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$, and $D_n(t) = \sum_{k = 0}^n \Bigl\langle\matrix{D_n\cr k}\Bigr\rangle t^k$. We give bijective proofs of the identity $$B_n(t^2) = (1 + t)^{n+1}S_n(t) - 2^n tS_n(t^2)$$ and of Stembridge's identity $$D_n(t) = B_n(t) - n2^{n-1}tS_{n-1}(t).$$ These bijective proofs rely on a representation of signed permutations as paths. Using this representation we also establish a bijective correspondence between even signed permutations and pairs $(w, E)$ with $([n], E)$ a threshold graph and $w$ a degree ordering of $([n], E)$, which we use to obtain bijective proofs of enumerative results for threshold graphs.
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