Prevention and management of hard- and soft-tissue complication in patient undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy: Literature review

Head and neck cancer is among the leading causes of death globally. Its treatment includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or the combination of these therapies depending on the extent of disease. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy have a pivotal role in minimizing the morbidity and mortality; however, they also bring about many adverse effects. Both hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity are affected by these therapies ranging from oral mucositis to osteoradionecrosis of jaw thus affecting the quality of life of patients. Prevention and timely management of these complications are essential for better treatment outcomes. The present literature review, therefore, focuses on the prevention and management of hard- and soft-tissue complications associated with patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Comprehensive oral and dental examination of the patient should be performed and all the potential sources of infection should be electively treated appropriately before initiation of the radiotherapy and chemotherapy to reduce the risk of complications associated with the cancer treatment. Management of complication that arises during radiation and chemotherapy is also essential which requires thorough knowledge and skills. Mutual participation of oncology team and dental surgeon is the key to reduce these complications.