Parallel Network Analysis and Communities Detection (PANC) Pipeline for the Analysis and Visualization of COVID-19 Data

A new coronavirus, causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), was started at Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The epidemic has rapidly spread across the world becoming a pandemic that, as of today, has affected more than 70 million people causing over 2 million deaths. To better understand the evolution of spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed PANC (Parallel Network Analysis and Communities Detection), a new parallel preprocessing methodology for network-based analysis and communities detection on Italian COVID-19 data. The goal of the methodology is to analyze set of homogeneous datasets (i.e. COVID-19 data in several regions) using a statistical test to find similar/dissimilar behaviours, mapping such similarity information on a graph and then using community detection algorithm to visualize and analyze the initial dataset. The methodology includes the following steps: (i) a parallel methodology to build similarity matrices that represent similar or dissimilar regions with respect to data; (ii) an effective workload balancing function to improve performance; (iii) the mapping of similarity matrices into networks where nodes represent Italian regions, and edges represent similarity relationships; (iv) the discovering and visualization of communities of regions that show similar behaviour. The methodology is general and can be applied to world-wide data about COVID-19, as well as to all types of data sets in tabular and matrix format. To estimate the scalability with increasing workloads, we analyzed three synthetic COVID-19 datasets with the size of 90.0[Formula: see text]MB, 180.0[Formula: see text]MB, and 360.0[Formula: see text]MB. Experiments was performed on showing the amount of data that can be analyzed in a given amount of time increases almost linearly with the number of computing resources available. Instead, to perform communities detection, we employed the real data set.