Evaluation of electric mobility authentication approaches

For the public charging of Electric Vehicles (EVs), ISO 15118 specifies the Plug and Charge (PnC) approach. Unfortunately, PnC requires a quite complex Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and completely lacks privacy-preserving measures. This work shows that other approaches from the literature and a novel introduced approach outperform PnC. All thirteen approaches were rated based on a developed evaluation methodology, regarding their security, usability, offered features and interoperability. For the best approaches recommendations regarding a more detailed analysis and comparison are given. These promising approaches should be further analyzed and more detailed specified, in order to mitigate current security flaws and offer the user a great and easy charging experience.