扩展了拉格朗日四平方定理

J. Lacalle, L.N. Gatti
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Gatti","doi":"10.1016/j.endm.2018.06.036","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We prove the following extension of Lagrange's theorem: given a prime number <em>p</em> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span>, such that <span><math><msup><mrow><mo>∥</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∥</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mo>〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>j</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span>, then there exists <span><math><mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> such that <span><math><mo>〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>〉</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> and<span><span><span><math><mo>∥</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>∥</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></math></span></span></span> This means that, in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, any system of orthogonal vectors of norm <em>p</em> can be completed to a base. We conjecture that the result holds for every norm <span><math><mi>p</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35408,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endm.2018.06.036","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Extended Lagrange's four-square theorem\",\"authors\":\"J. Lacalle,&nbsp;L.N. Gatti\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.endm.2018.06.036\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>We prove the following extension of Lagrange's theorem: given a prime number <em>p</em> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mo>…</mo><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>3</mn></math></span>, such that <span><math><msup><mrow><mo>∥</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∥</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mo>〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mo>〉</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>j</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span>, then there exists <span><math><mi>v</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>∈</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> such that <span><math><mo>〈</mo><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msub><mo>|</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>〉</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math></span> for all <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>≤</mo><mi>k</mi></math></span> and<span><span><span><math><mo>∥</mo><mi>v</mi><mo>∥</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></math></span></span></span> This means that, in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, any system of orthogonal vectors of norm <em>p</em> can be completed to a base. We conjecture that the result holds for every norm <span><math><mi>p</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>1</mn></math></span>.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":35408,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2018-07-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endm.2018.06.036\",\"citationCount\":\"2\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571065318301276\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"Mathematics\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1571065318301276","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Mathematics","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2

摘要

我们证明了拉格朗日定理的以下推广:给定一个素数p和v1,…,vk∈Z4,1≤k≤3,使得∥vi∥2=p对于所有1≤i≤k,并且对于所有1≤i<j≤k, < vi|vj > =0,则存在v=(x1,x2,x3,x4)∈Z4使得对于所有1≤i≤k < vi|v > =0,并且∥v∥=x12+x22+x32+x42=p,这意味着在Z4中,任何范数p的正交向量系统都可以被补成一个基。我们推测,对于每个范数p≥1,结果都成立。
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Extended Lagrange's four-square theorem

We prove the following extension of Lagrange's theorem: given a prime number p and v1,,vkZ4,1k3, such that vi2=p for all 1ik and vi|vj=0 for all 1i<jk, then there exists v=(x1,x2,x3,x4)Z4 such that vi|v=0 for all 1ik andv=x12+x22+x32+x42=p This means that, in Z4, any system of orthogonal vectors of norm p can be completed to a base. We conjecture that the result holds for every norm p1.

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Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics
Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics Mathematics-Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics
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期刊介绍: Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics is a venue for the rapid electronic publication of the proceedings of conferences, of lecture notes, monographs and other similar material for which quick publication is appropriate. Organizers of conferences whose proceedings appear in Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics, and authors of other material appearing as a volume in the series are allowed to make hard copies of the relevant volume for limited distribution. For example, conference proceedings may be distributed to participants at the meeting, and lecture notes can be distributed to those taking a course based on the material in the volume.
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