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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍了宇宙的主要特征及其历史,以及广义相对论在整个宇宙中的应用。描述了观测到的宇宙的近各向同性和均匀性,以及对其历史的调查。将Saha方程应用于复合过程。定义了宇宙固有时和共动坐标,得到了适用于该宇宙的度规(friedman - lemaitre - robertson - walker)的形式。为了精确的计算和良好的直觉,详细讨论了所得几何的主要特征。从几个角度描述了红移和宇宙膨胀。定义了距离测量(光度、角直径),并概述了观测宇宙距离阶梯的主要元素。
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Cosmology
The main features of the universe and its history, and the application of GR to the universe as a whole are presented. The observed near-isotropy and homogeneity of the universe are described, along with a survey of its history. The Saha equation is applied to the recombination process. Cosmic proper time and comoving coordinates are defined, and the form of the metric (Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker) applicable to such a universe is obtained. The main features of the resulting geometry are discussed at length, with a view to both accurate calculation and sound intuition. Redshift and the cosmic expansion are described from several perspectives. Distance measures (luminosity, angular diameter) are defined and the main elements of the observational cosmic distance ladder are outlined.
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