信息技术:定义方法、构建原则

Valentyna Makoiedova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究致力于“信息技术”的概念。本文的目的是分析科学文献和方法论文献,阐明信息技术的本质和结构,在国外和乌克兰科学家著作的基础上概括信息技术的分类。研究的主题是“信息技术”的概念。作为“信息技术”概念分析的一部分,考虑了该术语的立法定义,澄清了乌克兰国家标准中如何披露这一类别(特别是DSTU 5034:2008, DSTU 2226-93, DSTU 2481-94, DSTU 7448:2013),分析了术语词典中定义的措辞,考虑了国际组织教科文组织定义的“信息技术”定义。研究了国外科研工作者在科学著作中对“信息技术”概念的表述。根据所进行的分析,确定了缺乏现有定义的问题,并综合了“信息技术”概念的综合定义。分析了信息技术形成的基本原理。这些原则至今仍然适用。该出版物概述了信息技术的主要结构组成部分。在不同科学家的著作中,关于信息技术结构成分表定义的矛盾已经被研究过。此外,该出版物还提供了信息技术分类的一般方法的信息图表。根据信息技术的预期用途,提出了信息技术的分类,建立了信息技术的典型组成部分,并规定了12项信息技术分类标准。
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: APPROACHES TO DEFINITION, PRINCIPLES OF CONSTRUCTION
The research is dedicated to the concept of "information technology". The purpose of the article is to analyze the scientific and methodological literature, clarify the essence and structure of information technologies, generalize the classification of information technologies based on the works of foreign and Ukrainian scientists. The subject of research is the concept of "information technology". As part of the analysis of the concept of "information technology", the legislative definition of this term was considered, it was clarified how this category is disclosed in the state standards of Ukraine (in particular, DSTU 5034:2008, DSTU 2226-93, DSTU 2481-94, DSTU 7448:2013) , the wording of the definition in terminological dictionaries was analyzed, the definition of "information technology" defined by the international organization UNESCO was considered. The formulation of the concept of "information technology" in the scientific works of foreign researchers was studied. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the lack of existing definitions was identified and an aggregated definition of the concept of "information technology" was synthesized. The principles that became the basis for the formation of information technologies were analyzed. These principles remain relevant to this day. The publication contains an overview of the main structural components of information technology. Contradictions regarding the definition of the list of structural components of information technology in the works of various scientists have been studied. In addition, the publication provides an infographic of generalized approaches to the classification of information technologies. The work proposes the classification of information technologies according to their intended use, establishes typical components of information technology, and specifies twelve criteria for the classification of information technologies.
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