3 D Laparoscopy: A Review

Background: Restricted depth perception in laparoscopy with two-dimensional imaging has been reported to be a major disadvantage of minimally invasive procedures. Three-dimensional imaging have been available for almost 2 years and are slowly being integrated into endoscopic surgery. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that compared 3D with 2D laparoscopy. Some review articles were also searched. No language or year of publication restrictions was applied. Data extracted were cohort size and characteristics, skill trained or operation performed, instrument used, outcome measures, and conclusions. Two independent authors performed the search and data extraction. Results: Many articles were screened for eligibility, and RCTs were included in the review. Time was used as an outcome measure in all of the trials, and number of errors was used in 19 out of 16 trials. Seven out of 11 trials (71%) showed a reduction in performance time, and 10 out of 16 (63%) showed a significant reduction in error when using 3D compared to 2D. Conclusions: This study aims to show that 3D technology in laparoscopy promises to be an indispensable tool. The feasibility and safety of this surgical innovation has been shown. Overall, 3D laparoscopy appears to improve speed and reduce the number of performance errors when compared to 2D laparoscopy. Most studies to date assessed 3D laparoscopy in simulated settings, and the impact of 3D laparoscopy on clinical outcomes has yet to be examined. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... Scenario- al studied 3D laparoscopy: technique and initial experience in 451 cases. This study aims to show that 3D technology in laparoscopy promises to be an indispensable tool. The feasibility and safety of this surgical innovation has been shown. The tactile feedback is retained; the precision, accuracy, and depth perception are remarkable. The learning curve is short (less than five cases). The initial investment and recurring cost are low compared to robotic-assisted laparoscopies. The time taken for surgery as well morcellation is less than in 2D HD laparoscopy.