Culture of dialogue: metaphysical aspect

The object of the research is the culture of dialogue, its content and normative components, and metaphysical foundations of the culture of dialogue. Various approaches to understanding the nature of dialogue in the historical tradition, starting from antiquity and ending with modernity, are considered in detail. In the course of the analysis, special attention is paid to identifying ontological prerequisites and epistemological attitudes in the most significant theoretical approaches to understanding the nature of dialogue. Productive methodological ideas of phenomenology, "philosophy of dialogue", theory of communicative action are revealed. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the heuristic and analytical possibilities of the concept of the "Other" as the basis for recognizing the initial equality of the participants in the dialogue and the formation of a mindset for the "peaceful" resolution of differences. The role of the culture of dialogue (in the form of recognized norms and compliance with the rules of interaction) is shown as an important component of mutual understanding and tolerance. The peculiarity of the reception of the ancient approach to dialogue in the non-rhetorical project of the twentieth century is revealed. It is shown that the normativity of one of the most significant modern approaches to the construction of the theory of argumentation – pragma-dialectical, has roots in the ancient tradition of dialogue. As one of the important conclusions, it is substantiated that the ideal model of "critical discussion" developed at the Belgian school of pragma-dialectics can serve not only as a methodological basis for the modern theory of the culture of dialogue, but also as a guide in its organization and structuring, creating good opportunities for reaching a possible consensus. The novelty of the research lies in identifying the philosophical and ideological foundations of the concept of "critical discussion" and the methodological significance of the "moral code", the observance of the "commandments" of which leads to an increase in the culture of dialogue as a necessary condition in the search for common meanings, without which it is impossible to overcome the high conflictogenicity of modern society.