{"title":"三维流动分析:研究碰撞几何和状态方程的新工具","authors":"Tom Reichert , Jan Steinheimer , Marcus Bleicher","doi":"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2023.122790","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We propose to extend the commonly known flow analysis in the transverse <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> plane to novel flow coefficients based on the angular distribution in the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> planes. The new flow coefficients, called <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (in addition to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), turn out to be also highly sensitive to the nuclear Equation-of-State and can be used to explore the EoS in more detail than is possible using only <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. As an example to quantify the effect of the EoS, the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model is used to investigate 20-30% central Au+Au collisions at E<span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mo>=</mo></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>lab</mi></mrow><none></none></mmultiscripts><mn>1.23</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>A</mi></math></span> <!-->GeV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19246,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Physics A","volume":"1041 ","pages":"Article 122790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947423001938/pdfft?md5=6746be4385d3302178f40a66b8cd0ea6&pid=1-s2.0-S0375947423001938-main.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"3-dimensional flow analysis: A novel tool to study the collision geometry and the equation-of-state\",\"authors\":\"Tom Reichert , Jan Steinheimer , Marcus Bleicher\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2023.122790\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>We propose to extend the commonly known flow analysis in the transverse <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> plane to novel flow coefficients based on the angular distribution in the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>y</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>p</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> planes. The new flow coefficients, called <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> (in addition to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), turn out to be also highly sensitive to the nuclear Equation-of-State and can be used to explore the EoS in more detail than is possible using only <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>v</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. As an example to quantify the effect of the EoS, the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model is used to investigate 20-30% central Au+Au collisions at E<span><math><mmultiscripts><mrow><mo>=</mo></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>lab</mi></mrow><none></none></mmultiscripts><mn>1.23</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>A</mi></math></span> <!-->GeV.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19246,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Nuclear Physics A\",\"volume\":\"1041 \",\"pages\":\"Article 122790\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947423001938/pdfft?md5=6746be4385d3302178f40a66b8cd0ea6&pid=1-s2.0-S0375947423001938-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Nuclear Physics A\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947423001938\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2023/11/7 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Nuclear Physics A","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375947423001938","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/11/7 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, NUCLEAR","Score":null,"Total":0}
3-dimensional flow analysis: A novel tool to study the collision geometry and the equation-of-state
We propose to extend the commonly known flow analysis in the transverse - plane to novel flow coefficients based on the angular distribution in the - and - planes. The new flow coefficients, called and (in addition to ), turn out to be also highly sensitive to the nuclear Equation-of-State and can be used to explore the EoS in more detail than is possible using only . As an example to quantify the effect of the EoS, the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model is used to investigate 20-30% central Au+Au collisions at E GeV.
期刊介绍：
Nuclear Physics A focuses on the domain of nuclear and hadronic physics and includes the following subsections: Nuclear Structure and Dynamics; Intermediate and High Energy Heavy Ion Physics; Hadronic Physics; Electromagnetic and Weak Interactions; Nuclear Astrophysics. The emphasis is on original research papers. A number of carefully selected and reviewed conference proceedings are published as an integral part of the journal.
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