{"title":"加拿大Birkebeiner滑雪节的起源:在可持续发展和联合国教科文组织比弗山生物圈中发明的传统,冬季运动景观和遗产体育旅游","authors":"PearlAnn Reichwein","doi":"10.1080/1743873x.2023.2256898","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festival emerged as the world’s third Birkebeiner cross-country ski loppet in 1985, emulating the Norwegian Birkebeiner and the American Birkebeiner. This study examines the early years of the Canadian Birkebeiner as a heritage sport tourism event with routes near Edmonton, Alberta, that became an annual festival and attraction in western Canada. Invented tradition, sportscapes, and heritage sport tourism are a conceptual frame to analyse how the Festival represented the Birkebeiner legends, how skiers and skiing constituted landscapes, and how the event contributed to sustainability. The Canadian Birkebeiner resulted in a winter sport festival and sportscape that shaped cross-country skiing, trails, and public lands, and was indicative of fluid social relations and rural place making by means of skiing. Based on archival and oral history sources, the study argues the Canadian Birkebeiner was an invented tradition that originated with a ski loppet instrumental in the negotiation of terrain for cross-country skiing that contributed to winter sportscapes and heritage sport tourism in the Cooking Lake-Blackfoot Provincial Recreation Area, and, ultimately, within the UNESCO Beaver Hills Biosphere. It contributes to studies of winter events with local and broader implications for sustainable heritage tourism.KEYWORDS: Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festivalheritage sport tourismsustainable tourismUNESCO biosphere reservescross-country ski trailswinter events Acknowledgments:Charlotte Mitchell is gratefully acknowledged for assistance. This work draws on research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Brian Peters, interview by author, Edmonton, AB, January 14, 2011, REB ID Pro00019013, University of Alberta; references to Peters draw on interview unless otherwise indicated.2 For press coverage see, Ship ahoy!, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. A1; Yardley Jones, First Annual Canadian Birkebeiner [cartoon], Edmonton Journal, p. C1; Nick Lees, Nick flunks ski test, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C3; Cross County: Birkebeiner, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C6.Additional informationNotes on contributorsPearlAnn ReichweinPearlAnn Reichwein, PhD, is a Professor at the University of Alberta who studies the history of the Canadian West. Exploring the cultural production of tourism, landscapes, and memory, her publications include Uplift: Visual Culture at the Banff School of Fine Arts (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2020), co-authored with Karen Wall, and Climber's Paradise: Making Canada's Mountain Parks, 1906-1974 (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2014), which garnered the prestigious Canadian Historical Association Clio Prize and was a Banff Mountain Film and Book Festival finalist. Dr. Reichwein was an invited guest lecturer at University of Gustave Eiffel and led master classes in Canadian Studies with University of Innsbruck. Her current projects center on skiing landscapes and legacies in Canada, including interests in heritage, parks, and climate as well as women and sport.","PeriodicalId":47192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Heritage Tourism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The origins of the Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festival: invented traditions, winter sportscapes, and heritage sport tourism in sustainability and the UNESCO Beaver Hills Biosphere\",\"authors\":\"PearlAnn Reichwein\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/1743873x.2023.2256898\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"ABSTRACTThe Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festival emerged as the world’s third Birkebeiner cross-country ski loppet in 1985, emulating the Norwegian Birkebeiner and the American Birkebeiner. This study examines the early years of the Canadian Birkebeiner as a heritage sport tourism event with routes near Edmonton, Alberta, that became an annual festival and attraction in western Canada. Invented tradition, sportscapes, and heritage sport tourism are a conceptual frame to analyse how the Festival represented the Birkebeiner legends, how skiers and skiing constituted landscapes, and how the event contributed to sustainability. The Canadian Birkebeiner resulted in a winter sport festival and sportscape that shaped cross-country skiing, trails, and public lands, and was indicative of fluid social relations and rural place making by means of skiing. Based on archival and oral history sources, the study argues the Canadian Birkebeiner was an invented tradition that originated with a ski loppet instrumental in the negotiation of terrain for cross-country skiing that contributed to winter sportscapes and heritage sport tourism in the Cooking Lake-Blackfoot Provincial Recreation Area, and, ultimately, within the UNESCO Beaver Hills Biosphere. It contributes to studies of winter events with local and broader implications for sustainable heritage tourism.KEYWORDS: Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festivalheritage sport tourismsustainable tourismUNESCO biosphere reservescross-country ski trailswinter events Acknowledgments:Charlotte Mitchell is gratefully acknowledged for assistance. This work draws on research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Brian Peters, interview by author, Edmonton, AB, January 14, 2011, REB ID Pro00019013, University of Alberta; references to Peters draw on interview unless otherwise indicated.2 For press coverage see, Ship ahoy!, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. A1; Yardley Jones, First Annual Canadian Birkebeiner [cartoon], Edmonton Journal, p. C1; Nick Lees, Nick flunks ski test, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C3; Cross County: Birkebeiner, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C6.Additional informationNotes on contributorsPearlAnn ReichweinPearlAnn Reichwein, PhD, is a Professor at the University of Alberta who studies the history of the Canadian West. Exploring the cultural production of tourism, landscapes, and memory, her publications include Uplift: Visual Culture at the Banff School of Fine Arts (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2020), co-authored with Karen Wall, and Climber's Paradise: Making Canada's Mountain Parks, 1906-1974 (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2014), which garnered the prestigious Canadian Historical Association Clio Prize and was a Banff Mountain Film and Book Festival finalist. Dr. Reichwein was an invited guest lecturer at University of Gustave Eiffel and led master classes in Canadian Studies with University of Innsbruck. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
加拿大Birkebeiner滑雪节是继挪威Birkebeiner和美国Birkebeiner之后,于1985年举办的世界第三届Birkebeiner越野滑雪节。本研究考察了加拿大Birkebeiner作为一项传统体育旅游活动的早期,其路线在阿尔伯塔省埃德蒙顿附近,成为加拿大西部的年度节日和景点。发明的传统、体育景观和遗产体育旅游是一个概念框架,用于分析该节日如何代表Birkebeiner传奇,滑雪者和滑雪如何构成景观,以及该活动如何促进可持续性。加拿大Birkebeiner导致了冬季运动节日和运动景观,形成了越野滑雪,小径和公共土地,并表明了流动的社会关系和通过滑雪创造的农村场所。根据档案和口述历史资料,该研究认为,加拿大Birkebeiner是一种发明的传统,起源于越野滑雪地形谈判的滑雪靴,为烹饪湖-黑脚省娱乐区的冬季运动景观和遗产体育旅游做出了贡献,最终,在联合国教科文组织比弗山生物圈内。它有助于研究对可持续遗产旅游具有当地和更广泛影响的冬季活动。关键词:加拿大Birkebeiner滑雪节遗产体育旅游可持续旅游联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区越野滑雪道冬季活动致谢:感谢夏洛特·米切尔的帮助。这项工作借鉴了社会科学和人文研究理事会支持的研究。披露声明作者未报告潜在的利益冲突。注1 Brian Peters,作者访谈,2011年1月14日,加拿大埃德蒙顿,REB ID Pro00019013,阿尔伯塔大学;除非另有说明,提及彼得斯时均引用面试有关新闻报道,请参阅,船啊!,埃德蒙顿杂志,1985年2月10日,A1页;亚德利·琼斯,《第一届加拿大年度Birkebeiner》[漫画],《埃德蒙顿日报》,第C1页;Nick Lees, Nick ski考试不及格,Edmonton Journal, 1985年2月10日,p. C3;Cross County: Birkebeiner, Edmonton Journal, 1985年2月10日,第C6页。作者简介:pearlann Reichwein,博士,阿尔伯塔大学教授,研究加拿大西部历史。探索旅游,景观和记忆的文化生产,她的出版物包括隆起:视觉文化在班夫美术学院(温哥华:不列颠哥伦比亚大学出版社,2020年),与卡伦·沃尔合著,和登山者的天堂:制作加拿大的山地公园,1906-1974年(埃德蒙顿:阿尔伯塔大学出版社,2014年),这获得了著名的加拿大历史协会Clio奖,是班夫山地电影和图书节的决赛。他是Gustave Eiffel大学的特邀客座讲师,并在Innsbruck大学领导加拿大研究大师班。她目前的项目集中在加拿大的滑雪景观和遗产,包括对遗产,公园,气候以及女性和运动的兴趣。
The origins of the Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festival: invented traditions, winter sportscapes, and heritage sport tourism in sustainability and the UNESCO Beaver Hills Biosphere
ABSTRACTThe Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festival emerged as the world’s third Birkebeiner cross-country ski loppet in 1985, emulating the Norwegian Birkebeiner and the American Birkebeiner. This study examines the early years of the Canadian Birkebeiner as a heritage sport tourism event with routes near Edmonton, Alberta, that became an annual festival and attraction in western Canada. Invented tradition, sportscapes, and heritage sport tourism are a conceptual frame to analyse how the Festival represented the Birkebeiner legends, how skiers and skiing constituted landscapes, and how the event contributed to sustainability. The Canadian Birkebeiner resulted in a winter sport festival and sportscape that shaped cross-country skiing, trails, and public lands, and was indicative of fluid social relations and rural place making by means of skiing. Based on archival and oral history sources, the study argues the Canadian Birkebeiner was an invented tradition that originated with a ski loppet instrumental in the negotiation of terrain for cross-country skiing that contributed to winter sportscapes and heritage sport tourism in the Cooking Lake-Blackfoot Provincial Recreation Area, and, ultimately, within the UNESCO Beaver Hills Biosphere. It contributes to studies of winter events with local and broader implications for sustainable heritage tourism.KEYWORDS: Canadian Birkebeiner Ski Festivalheritage sport tourismsustainable tourismUNESCO biosphere reservescross-country ski trailswinter events Acknowledgments:Charlotte Mitchell is gratefully acknowledged for assistance. This work draws on research supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 Brian Peters, interview by author, Edmonton, AB, January 14, 2011, REB ID Pro00019013, University of Alberta; references to Peters draw on interview unless otherwise indicated.2 For press coverage see, Ship ahoy!, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. A1; Yardley Jones, First Annual Canadian Birkebeiner [cartoon], Edmonton Journal, p. C1; Nick Lees, Nick flunks ski test, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C3; Cross County: Birkebeiner, Edmonton Journal, 10 February 1985, p. C6.Additional informationNotes on contributorsPearlAnn ReichweinPearlAnn Reichwein, PhD, is a Professor at the University of Alberta who studies the history of the Canadian West. Exploring the cultural production of tourism, landscapes, and memory, her publications include Uplift: Visual Culture at the Banff School of Fine Arts (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2020), co-authored with Karen Wall, and Climber's Paradise: Making Canada's Mountain Parks, 1906-1974 (Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 2014), which garnered the prestigious Canadian Historical Association Clio Prize and was a Banff Mountain Film and Book Festival finalist. Dr. Reichwein was an invited guest lecturer at University of Gustave Eiffel and led master classes in Canadian Studies with University of Innsbruck. Her current projects center on skiing landscapes and legacies in Canada, including interests in heritage, parks, and climate as well as women and sport.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Heritage Tourism ( JHT ) is a peer-reviewed, international transdisciplinary journal. JHT focuses on exploring the many facets of one of the most notable and widespread types of tourism. Heritage tourism is among the very oldest forms of travel. Activities such as visits to sites of historical importance, including built environments and urban areas, rural and agricultural landscapes, natural regions, locations where historic events occurred and places where interesting and significant living cultures dominate are all forms of heritage tourism. As such, this form of tourism dominates the industry in many parts of the world and involves millions of people. During the past 20 years, the study of tourism has become highly fragmented and specialised into various theme areas, or concentrations. Within this context, heritage tourism is one of the most commonly investigated forms of tourism, and hundreds of scholars and industry workers are involved in researching its dynamics and concepts. This academic attention has resulted in the publication of hundreds of refereed articles in various scholarly media, yet, until now there has been no journal devoted specifically to heritage tourism; Journal of Heritage Tourism was launched to fill this gap. JHT seeks to critically examine all aspects of heritage tourism. Some of the topics to be explored within the context of heritage tourism will include colonial heritage, commodification, interpretation, urban renewal, religious tourism, genealogy, patriotism, nostalgia, folklore, power, funding, contested heritage, historic sites, identity, industrial heritage, marketing, conservation, ethnicity, education and indigenous heritage.