《他人之血:斯大林的克里米亚暴行与团结的诗学》罗里·芬宁著(书评)

IF 0.1 4区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS MODERN LANGUAGE REVIEW Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1353/mlr.2023.a907875
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As he shows, both events, although celebrated in state media as a reunification or even a 'return home', remain both politically and culturally controversial in Russia. Finnin aims to understand 'the textual conditions' for those 'inconsistent, infrequent, even rare' moments 'when the work of the imagination makes us more attuned and responsive to the welfare of strangers' (pp. 8–9). Deriving his methodology from comparative literary analysis, he conceptualizes past events as 'vibrational phenomena organizing and reorganizing human relationships across cultural surfaces' (p. 9). He avoids representing any form of cultural nationalism in isolation, instead striking a delicate balance between critical analysis of historical events and intimate narration of private lives. In order to show just how deeply impersonal political decisions can affect individuals and shape the fates of generations, Finnin opens his narrative with the story of Liliia Karas, an ethnically Jewish woman displaced to Siberia from Kharkhiv during Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. In 1963 she returns to Kharkiv, where she meets the poet Boris Chichibabin, whose readings sent 'shivers up her spine' (p. 3). Their private lives are among many to be shaped by the actions of Hitler, Stalin, and Khrushchev. Finnin returns to Chichibabin's story later in his book, weaving it into the tragic fate of the Crimean Tatars. This ability to simultaneously keep in focus events on two different scales—individual and national, private and public—makes for an engaging reading experience, despite the difficult subject matter. Finnin analyses the work of numerous authors and artists native to or associated with Crimea, from Pushkin (whose 1837 poem 'The Fountain of Bakchisarai' was set in the region) to the Ottoman intellectual Namik Kemal, the Crimean Tatar novelist Cengiz Dagci, the Ukrainian writer Lesia Ukrainka, and many others. Intentionally breaking with the traditional, dichotomous view of literature as 'canonical versus non-canonical, official versus unofficial, high versus low, centre versus periphery', Finnin challenges the tendency to delimit analytical itineraries 'at the borders of the nation-state, our tether to national predicates' (p. 9). Still, his focus remains the fate of Crimean [End Page 642] Tatars, excluding the cultural legacies of other ethnic groups to inhabit Crimea over the course of its history, such as the Greeks, Karaites, Armenians, and Roma. 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Finnin aims to understand 'the textual conditions' for those 'inconsistent, infrequent, even rare' moments 'when the work of the imagination makes us more attuned and responsive to the welfare of strangers' (pp. 8–9). Deriving his methodology from comparative literary analysis, he conceptualizes past events as 'vibrational phenomena organizing and reorganizing human relationships across cultural surfaces' (p. 9). He avoids representing any form of cultural nationalism in isolation, instead striking a delicate balance between critical analysis of historical events and intimate narration of private lives. In order to show just how deeply impersonal political decisions can affect individuals and shape the fates of generations, Finnin opens his narrative with the story of Liliia Karas, an ethnically Jewish woman displaced to Siberia from Kharkhiv during Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

书评:《他人之血:斯大林的克里米亚暴行与团结诗学》作者:罗里·芬宁·卡蒂亚·乔丹《他人之血:斯大林的克里米亚暴行与团结诗学》罗里·芬宁著。多伦多:多伦多大学出版社,2022。Xiv + 352页,80美元。ISBN 978-1-4875-0781-7。近年来,“Chei Krym?”(“克里米亚属于谁?”)已经成为区分俄罗斯政治自由派和保守派的试金石。它激发了两个新词,并成为了广为传播的口号:“Krymnash”(克里米亚是我们的)表达了对俄罗斯鲁莽吞并克里米亚的满意,“Ikhtamnet”(他们不在那里)表达了俄罗斯拒绝承认在自己的边界之外存在军事存在,比如在克里米亚和顿巴斯。这些语言现象既反映了俄罗斯当代的帝国野心,也反映了它对邻国领土(尤其是克里米亚半岛)的长期兴趣。罗里•芬宁(Rory Finnin)的新书展示了一些俄罗斯统治者为了实现这种利益而愿意付出的努力。然而,芬宁的专著也展示了克里米亚鞑靼人反抗俄罗斯殖民统治时所表现出的抵抗和团结的力量。《他人之血》在斯大林种族灭绝政策的背景下,为克里米亚持不同政见者的文学作品提供了令人信服的阅读。它跨越了近两个半世纪的俄罗斯帝国主义——从1783年凯瑟琳二世皇后吞并克里米亚到今天半岛的不稳定局势。芬宁的专著出版于2022年3月,就在俄罗斯军队正式越过主权国家乌克兰边境一个月后,俄罗斯第二次吞并克里米亚八年之后。正如他所展示的,这两件事,尽管在官方媒体上被庆祝为统一,甚至是“回家”,但在俄罗斯政治和文化上仍然存在争议。芬宁的目标是理解那些“不一致的、不常见的、甚至罕见的‘时刻’,当想象力的工作使我们对陌生人的福利更加协调和反应”的“文本条件”(第8-9页)。他的方法论来源于比较文学分析,他将过去的事件概念化为“跨文化表面组织和重组人际关系的振动现象”(第9页)。他避免孤立地表现任何形式的文化民族主义,而是在对历史事件的批判性分析和对私人生活的亲密叙述之间取得了微妙的平衡。为了展示非个人的政治决定是如何深刻地影响个人和塑造几代人的命运,芬宁以莉莉娅·卡拉斯的故事开始了他的叙述。莉莉娅·卡拉斯是一名犹太妇女,在希特勒入侵苏联期间从哈尔科夫流离失所到西伯利亚。1963年,她回到哈尔科夫,在那里她遇到了诗人鲍里斯·奇奇巴宾(Boris Chichibabin),他的阅读让她“脊背发冷”(第3页)。他们的私生活受到希特勒、斯大林和赫鲁晓夫行为的影响。芬宁在书的后面又提到了奇奇巴宾的故事,并将其与克里米亚鞑靼人的悲惨命运交织在一起。这种同时在两个不同的尺度上关注事件的能力——个人和国家,私人和公共——使得阅读体验引人入胜,尽管主题很难。芬宁分析了许多克里米亚本土或与克里米亚有关的作家和艺术家的作品,从普希金(其1837年的诗歌《巴克奇萨莱喷泉》(the Fountain of Bakchisarai)到奥斯曼知识分子纳米克·凯马尔(Namik Kemal)、克里米亚鞑靼小说家根吉兹·达奇(Cengiz Dagci)、乌克兰作家莱西娅·乌克兰卡(Lesia Ukrainka)等许多人。芬宁有意打破传统的、将文学分为“规范与非规范、官方与非官方、高与低、中心与边缘”的二元观点,挑战了“在民族国家的边界,我们与民族谓词的束缚”(第9页)划定分析路线的趋势。尽管如此,他的重点仍然是克里米亚的命运。将历史上居住在克里米亚的其他民族的文化遗产排除在外,比如希腊人、卡拉特人、亚美尼亚人和罗姆人。引言部分概述并解释了芬宁的理论方法,专著的主体部分分为三个部分。第一部分“占有”描述了叶卡捷琳娜二世早期的殖民尝试,以及普希金对俄罗斯克里米亚神话化的贡献。Finnin平衡……
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Blood of Others: Stalin's Crimean Atrocity and the Poetics of Solidarity by Rory Finnin (review)
Reviewed by: Blood of Others: Stalin's Crimean Atrocity and the Poetics of Solidarity by Rory Finnin Katya Jordan Blood of Others: Stalin's Crimean Atrocity and the Poetics of Solidarity. By Rory Finnin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2022. xiv+ 352 pp. $80. ISBN 978–1–4875–0781–7. In recent years, the question 'Chei Krym?' ('To whom does Crimea belong?') has become a litmus test for differentiating Russian political liberals from conservatives. [End Page 641] It has inspired two neologisms which have since become viral slogans: 'Krymnash' ('Crimea is Ours') expresses satisfaction with Russia's brash annexation of Crimea, and 'Ikhtamnet' ('They aren't there') captures Russia's refusal to admit to a military presence outside its own borders, as in Crimea and Donbass. These linguistic phenomena reflect both Russia's contemporary imperial ambitions and its long-standing interest in neighboring territories, not least the Crimean peninsula. Rory Finnin's new book demonstrates the lengths to which some Russian rulers are willing to go in order to realize that interest. Yet Finnin's monograph also shows the power of resistance and solidarity exercised by the Crimean Tatars in defiance of Russia's colonizing presence. Blood of Others offers a compelling reading of Crimean dissident literature in the context of Stalin's genocidal policies. It spans nearly two and a half centuries of Russian imperialism—from Empress Catherine II's annexation of Crimea in 1783 to the precarious situation on the peninsula today. Finnin's monograph appeared in March 2022, just one month after Russian troops officially crossed the border of sovereign Ukraine, and eight years after Russia had annexed Crimea for the second time. As he shows, both events, although celebrated in state media as a reunification or even a 'return home', remain both politically and culturally controversial in Russia. Finnin aims to understand 'the textual conditions' for those 'inconsistent, infrequent, even rare' moments 'when the work of the imagination makes us more attuned and responsive to the welfare of strangers' (pp. 8–9). Deriving his methodology from comparative literary analysis, he conceptualizes past events as 'vibrational phenomena organizing and reorganizing human relationships across cultural surfaces' (p. 9). He avoids representing any form of cultural nationalism in isolation, instead striking a delicate balance between critical analysis of historical events and intimate narration of private lives. In order to show just how deeply impersonal political decisions can affect individuals and shape the fates of generations, Finnin opens his narrative with the story of Liliia Karas, an ethnically Jewish woman displaced to Siberia from Kharkhiv during Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union. In 1963 she returns to Kharkiv, where she meets the poet Boris Chichibabin, whose readings sent 'shivers up her spine' (p. 3). Their private lives are among many to be shaped by the actions of Hitler, Stalin, and Khrushchev. Finnin returns to Chichibabin's story later in his book, weaving it into the tragic fate of the Crimean Tatars. This ability to simultaneously keep in focus events on two different scales—individual and national, private and public—makes for an engaging reading experience, despite the difficult subject matter. Finnin analyses the work of numerous authors and artists native to or associated with Crimea, from Pushkin (whose 1837 poem 'The Fountain of Bakchisarai' was set in the region) to the Ottoman intellectual Namik Kemal, the Crimean Tatar novelist Cengiz Dagci, the Ukrainian writer Lesia Ukrainka, and many others. Intentionally breaking with the traditional, dichotomous view of literature as 'canonical versus non-canonical, official versus unofficial, high versus low, centre versus periphery', Finnin challenges the tendency to delimit analytical itineraries 'at the borders of the nation-state, our tether to national predicates' (p. 9). Still, his focus remains the fate of Crimean [End Page 642] Tatars, excluding the cultural legacies of other ethnic groups to inhabit Crimea over the course of its history, such as the Greeks, Karaites, Armenians, and Roma. The Introduction provides an overview and explains Finnin's theoretical approach, and the main body of the monograph is divided into three parts. Part i, 'Possession', describes Catherine II's early attempt at colonization and Pushkin's contribution to Russia's mythologization of Crimea. Finnin balances...
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期刊介绍: With an unbroken publication record since 1905, its 1248 pages are divided between articles, predominantly on medieval and modern literature, in the languages of continental Europe, together with English (including the United States and the Commonwealth), Francophone Africa and Canada, and Latin America. In addition, MLR reviews over five hundred books each year The MLR Supplement The Modern Language Review was founded in 1905 and has included well over 3,000 articles and some 20,000 book reviews. This supplement to Volume 100 is published by the Modern Humanities Research Association in celebration of the centenary of its flagship journal.
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