Clinical, Histological, and Molecular Perspective on Regenerating Nonvital Immature Teeth

Abstract Background: Disinfection and dentin conditioning promote a favorable scenario for regenerative endodontic treatment. Clinical reports have confirmed periapical normality with high variability in disinfection protocols; nevertheless, the nature of neoformed tissue varied between them. Thus, this study aimed to present the impact of disinfection protocols on the clinical, histological, and molecular outcomes of regenerative endodontics procedures in permanent teeth with incomplete root formation. Materials and Methods: Eighteen teeth with incomplete root formation which required endodontic regenerative treatment were treated with different disinfection and conditioning agents and followed under clinical control. One case was evaluated under histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Clinical outcomes revealed periapical repair in 17/18 cases. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the neoformation of the dentinal matrix and its mineralization. Conclusions: Chemical conditioning could impact the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures. The histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed the nature of the newly formed tissue that correlates with the clinical outcome.