洪水与火灾

Jerry K. Jacka, Amelia Moore
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摘要

过去几十年来地球的日益升温是几个世纪以来不平衡和不公平的采掘经济的表现。众所周知,这种变暖是推动气候条件变化和极端天气事件的主要力量,导致对行星系统的影响日益严重。每年,地球上越来越多的地方正在经历热浪、严重干旱、更长更大的火灾季节、热带风暴强度的增加以及海平面上升的速度,这些在一代人之前是不可想象的,而几乎每天都有新闻报道表明,气候变化在加剧社会和生态脆弱性方面所造成的损失越来越大。就在今年,在2023年北半球夏季开始的时候,一场巨大的热带气旋在孟加拉国和缅甸造成145人死亡,加拿大西部几天内被烧毁的森林数量已经相当于整个夏天的森林数量,大大降低了半个大陆的空气质量,意大利的波河流域在经历了两年的极端干旱之后遭受了洪水的蹂躏,在经历了多年创纪录的火灾季节和水资源短缺之后,加州经历了致命的、无处不在的大气河流。在这期特辑中,我们没有优先考虑在气候变化的主流讨论中过于常见的、良性的、非政治化的适应能力和恢复力的概念,而是强调了洪水和火灾的主题,将这些事件视为当代危机的复现,以及对地球上破坏性、转型和重塑社区、生态和治理过程的现象的回应。
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Flood and Fire
The intensifying warming of the planet over the past several decades is a manifestation of centuries of uneven and inequitable extractive economies. This warming is well known to be the main force driving shifts in climatological conditions and extreme weather events leading to increasingly severe impacts on planetary systems. Every year, more locations on earth are experiencing heat waves, intense droughts, longer and larger fire seasons, increased tropical storm intensity, and sea level rise at rates that would have been unthinkable a generation ago while near daily news reports document the increasing toll that this changing climate plays in exacerbating social and ecological vulnerabilities. Just this year, at the start of the Northern Hemisphere summer of 2023, a massive tropical cyclone has killed over 145 people in Bangladesh and Myanmar, western Canada has already seen as much forest burned in a few days as it does in an entire summer, drastically diminishing air quality over half a continent, the Po River Valley in Italy has been ravaged by floods after experiencing two years of extreme drought, and California has experienced deadly and pervasive atmospheric rivers after years of record-setting fire seasons and water shortages. In this special issue, rather than prioritizing benign and depoliticized notions of adaptive capacity and resilience, as is far too common within mainstream discussions of climate change, we highlight the theme of flood and fire to examine these events as compounding contemporary crises and responses to phenomena that are devastating, transforming, and reformulating communities, ecologies, and governing processes around the planet.
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