阿尔巴尼亚电烧伤及其治疗:2019-2020年治疗病例回顾

Gezim Xhepa, Sokol Isaraj, Gentian Zikaj, Nardi Kola
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:电烧伤虽然只占三级医院烧伤治疗的一小部分,但由于病原体的性质,电烧伤仍然是医务人员的一个持续负担。患者和方法:经机构审查委员会批准,2018年1月至2019年12月,在阿尔巴尼亚地拉那大学医院中心“特蕾莎母亲”烧伤和整形外科收治的所有患者进行了一项回顾性研究。采用描述性统计方法回顾病例的年龄分布、体表烧伤面积、目前的入路和出路、急性和晚期并发症、手术入路和手术时机。结果:26例患者在此期间入院,其中22例发生真正的电烧伤,其中4例仅因电弧闪光而造成表面损伤,未与电源直接接触。真正电烧伤的平均住院时间为58.1天,电弧烧伤的平均住院时间为7.5天。每位患者平均接受3次手术干预,其中筋膜切开术占20%,痂切除术占30%,重建手术占35%,截肢手术占15%。只记录了一个致命的结果。约36%的患者为儿童,其中仅有一人死亡。大多数案件是由于在使用电力时忽视安全措施,尽管是专业的合格工人。急性并发症有肌红蛋白尿、心律失常、呼吸性酸中毒、精神运动性躁动、脑震荡和挫伤以及急性出血。贫血是最常见的晚期并发症。结论:预防仍是最好的治疗方法,特别是对于真正的电烧伤。与控制电力生产和传输的公司合作可以进一步减少真正的电烧伤的发生率,而对这种烧伤采取更积极的手术方法可能会避免长期并发症和由它们引起的残疾程度。
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Electrical Burns in Albania and their Treatment: A Review of Cases Treated in 2019–2020
BACKGROUND: Electrical burns, although constituting a small part of the burns treated in a tertiary hospital, remain a constant burden to the medical staff, due to the nature of the causative agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After the Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective study was performed including all the patients admitted to the Service of Burns and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa” of Tirana, Albania, from January 2018 to December 2019. Descriptive statistics was used to review the cases for age distribution, body surface area burned, points of entry and exit of the current, acute and late complications, surgical approach, and timing of the latter. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were admitted during this period, of which 22 suffered a real electrical burn, four of them having only superficial damage from the flash of the electric arc without direct contact with the electrical source. Mean hospital stay was 58.1 days for true electrical burns and 7.5 days for burns from electrical arc. Each patient underwent three surgical interventions in average, of which 20% were fasciotomies, 30% were eschar excision, 35% were reconstructive procedures, and 15% were amputations. Only one fatal outcome was registered. About 36% of the patients were children and the only death was registered among them. Most of cases were due to neglect of safety measures while working with the electrical power, although being professional qualified workers. Acute complications were myoglobinuria, cardiac rhythm disorders, respiratory acidosis, psychomotor agitation, brain concussion and contusion, and acute bleeding. Anemia is the most common late complication. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention is still the best treatment, especially for true electrical burns. Working with the corporate that controls the production and transmission of the electrical power could further reduce the incidence of true electrical burns, while moving to more aggressive surgical approach to such burns might avoid long-term complications and degree of invalidity caused by them.
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期刊介绍: Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) [formerly known as Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences] is a top-tier open access medical science journal published by the ID Design 2012/DOOEL Skopje, Rajko Zhinzifov No 48, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. OAMJMS is an international, modern, general medical journal covering all areas in the medical sciences, from basic studies to large clinical trials and cost-effectiveness analyses. We publish mostly human studies that substantially enhance our understanding of disease epidemiology, etiology, and physiology; the development of prognostic and diagnostic technologies; trials that test the efficacy of specific interventions and those that compare different treatments; and systematic reviews. We aim to promote translation of basic research into clinical investigation, and of clinical evidence into practice. We publish occasional studies in animal models when they report outstanding research findings that are highly clinically relevant. Our audience is the international medical community as well as educators, policy makers, patient advocacy groups, and interested members of the public around the world. OAMJMS is published quarterly online version. The Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (OAMJMS) publishes Medical Informatics, Basic Science, Clinical Science, Case Report, Brief Communication, Public Health, Public Policy, and Review Article from all fields of medicine and related fields. This journal also publishes, continuously or occasionally, the bibliographies of the members of the Society, medical history, medical publications, thesis abstracts, book reviews, reports on meetings, i­n­formation on future meetings, important events and dates, and various headings which contribute to the development of the corresponding scientific field.
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