Turbulence effect on total mechanical energy budget and energy loss of turbulent flows with different hydraulic regimes in open-channel transitions

ABSTRACTIn this study, a modified form of the total mechanical energy budget equation is developed for 3-D turbulent flows with different hydraulic regimes in open-channel transitions, from which the effect of all turbulence parameters can be evaluated by applying some equalizations and RANS numerical simulations. The total energy equation is also used to extract an explicit relationship for energy loss based on turbulence parameters. The findings are presented in the form of the application of the relationship to calculate the energy loss based on simulation results for subcritical turbulent flow and hydraulic jump in open-channel transitions, which leads to identifying the effect of non-homogeneity and anisotropy of turbulence on flow energy balance. The results show that the work done by viscous shear stresses, the viscous diffusion of turbulence, and the turbulent diffusion have little to no effect on the total mechanical energy budget of open-channel turbulent flows; instead, the effect of the variations of turbulent kinetic energy and the work done by turbulence stresses is more significant. The benefit of using the modified energy equation is demonstrated by the potential for evaluating the details that were not previously considered.KEYWORDS: Mechanical energy lossenergy budgetturbulent flowdifferent hydraulic regimesnumerical simulations Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementAll data and models generated or used during the study appear in the submitted article.Notes1. second order, upwind-biased, unbounded.Additional informationFundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.