Short-circuit current difference of parallel strands in winding turns and its influence on the distribution of electromagnetic force

Transformer winding turns often consist of multiple parallel strands. The spatial position variation of each strand affects the leakage inductance of each branch, resulting in an uneven distribution of short-circuit currents within the winding turns. And this unevenness persists even when transposition structures are implemented. Traditional methods in transformer analysis frequently overlooked the distribution characteristics of short-circuit currents when calculating electromagnetic forces. A frequency-domain calculation method for analysing the current distribution in winding turns was proposed, with a deviation of less than 3% compared to existing analysis methods. Two typical 110 kV transformer models were utilised to investigate the influence of uneven current distribution on the spatial distribution of electromagnetic forces. The spatial distribution of short-circuit electromagnetic forces in low-voltage (LV) windings exhibited significant changes, with maximum change rates of 10% and 61.2% for axial and radial electromagnetic force, respectively, in a LV winding with 4 parallel strands. The research also analysed how strand radial width and axial height affect current distribution unevenness and proposed specific design principles to mitigate these disparities in winding design. The findings offer valuable insights for selecting structural parameters and assessing short-circuit stability during transformer design.