中心冷漠和怀疑

Noûs Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI:10.1111/nous.12478
David Builes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在自我定位信念的情况下,许多哲学家被冷漠原则的限制版本所吸引。粗略地说,这一原则表明,在任何给定的可能世界中,一个人应该对关于他在这个可能世界中是谁的不同假设保持冷漠,只要这些假设与他的证据相一致。我的第一个目标是捍卫这一原则的一个更精确的版本。在回应了对这一原则的一些现有批评之后,我认为,该原则的现有表述是极其模糊的,我接着为该原则的一种特殊的消歧义辩护。根据我为之辩护的消歧义,我们应该如何敏感地运用这种有限的冷漠原则,取决于我们的背景形而上学信仰。我的第二个目标是将这个消除歧义的原则应用于认识论中的经典怀疑问题。特别是,我认为永恒论有可能把我们引向外部世界怀疑主义,而模态实在论有可能把我们引向归纳怀疑主义。
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Center indifference and skepticism
Abstract Many philosophers have been attracted to a restricted version of the principle of indifference in the case of self‐locating belief. Roughly speaking, this principle states that, within any given possible world, one should be indifferent between different hypotheses concerning who one is within that possible world, so long as those hypotheses are compatible with one's evidence. My first goal is to defend a more precise version of this principle. After responding to several existing criticisms of such a principle, I argue that existing formulations of the principle are crucially ambiguous, and I go on to defend a particular disambiguation of the principle. According to the disambiguation I defend, how we should apply this restricted principle of indifference sensitively depends on our background metaphysical beliefs. My second goal is to apply this disambiguated principle to classical skeptical problems in epistemology. In particular, I argue that Eternalism threatens to lead us to external world skepticism, and Modal Realism threatens to lead us to inductive skepticism.
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