斯瓦尔巴群岛(欧洲北极)沿海海域海洋雪与浮游动物共存的结构

IF 4.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1525/elementa.2023.00010
Emilia Trudnowska, Katarzyna Błachowiak-Samołyk, Lars Stemmann
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引用次数: 0

摘要

浮游生物和颗粒如何在空间上排列,以及它们共同存在的形态决定了海洋系统中有机物的生产、利用和输出速率。本研究的目的是研究海洋雪的组成(颗粒和聚集体>500µm)及其与浮游动物的共存是否随深度、浮游动物优势水平、叶绿素荧光和浊度在不同水文特征的北极峡湾的海岸-近海梯度中发生变化。2019年夏季,利用水下视觉剖面仪(UVP)在斯瓦尔巴群岛水域现场评估了浮游动物和海洋雪的分布和浓度。海洋雪的UVP数量大大超过冰川站的浮游动物,而浮游动物在近海和上层水层,甚至在沿海水域占主导地位。最常见的成分结构是海洋雪的细长形态,通常与40米以下的小黑色(不透明)颗粒共同出现,这意味着这些是直接从表层导出的典型形式。另一种广泛存在的结构类型是桡足类占优势的UVP计数。它们通常与高叶绿素荧光的片状海洋雪共存。构造以暗色形态为主,主要分布在冰川附近和深峡湾盆地。在最具北极型的霍恩松峡湾,海洋雪的数量最多,以高度的深色形态为代表。在受大西洋影响较大的峡湾中,很少出现与褐囊藻相关的海洋雪的聚集形态。在近海和Kongsfjorden观测到一个双峰分布模式,一个丰度峰值在表层,另一个丰度峰值在深层(80 m)。这项研究强调了uvp在直接追踪浮游生物和碎屑之间的联系方面的巨大潜力,并且它们共同发生的变化可能为远洋生态系统的状态提供了一个代理。
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Structures of coexisting marine snow and zooplankton in coastal waters of Svalbard (European Arctic)
How plankton and particles are arranged spatially and the configurations of their co-occurrence shape the rates of organic matter production, utilization, and export within marine systems. The aim of this study was to examine whether the composition of marine snow (particles and aggregates >500 µm) and its coexistence with zooplankton change with depth layer, level of zooplankton dominance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and turbidity across the coastal–offshore gradients of hydrographically different Arctic fjords. The distribution and concentrations of zooplankton and marine snow were assessed in situ using an underwater vision profiler (UVP) in Svalbard waters during summer 2019. UVP counts of marine snow drastically outnumbered zooplankton at glacial stations, whereas zooplankton dominated offshore and in upper water layers, even in coastal waters. The most common compositional structure was dominance by an elongated morphotype of marine snow, often co-occurring with small dark (opaque) particles below 40 m depth, implying that these were the typical forms exported directly from surface layers. The other widespread type of structuring was dominance of UVP counts by copepods. They often coexisted with a flake morphotype of marine snow associated with high chlorophyll fluorescence. Structuring dominated by dark morphotypes was observed mainly near glaciers and in deep fjord basins. The highest amount of marine snow, represented by a high degree of dark morphotype, was observed in Hornsund, the most Arctic-type fjord. A Phaeocystis-associated agglomerated morphotype of marine snow occurred scarcely and only in more Atlantic-influenced fjords. A bimodal distribution pattern, with one abundance peak at the surface and another in deeper layers (>80 m) was observed offshore and in Kongsfjorden. This study emphasizes the high potential of UVPs for tracking links between plankton and detritus directly in their natural environment, and that variation in their co-occurrence may provide a proxy for the state of a pelagic ecosystem.
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来源期刊
Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene
Elementa-Science of the Anthropocene Earth and Planetary Sciences-Atmospheric Science
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
5.10%
发文量
65
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: A new open-access scientific journal, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene publishes original research reporting on new knowledge of the Earth’s physical, chemical, and biological systems; interactions between human and natural systems; and steps that can be taken to mitigate and adapt to global change. Elementa reports on fundamental advancements in research organized initially into six knowledge domains, embracing the concept that basic knowledge can foster sustainable solutions for society. Elementa is published on an open-access, public-good basis—available freely and immediately to the world.
期刊最新文献
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