德语中x字:用于避免泄露词汇的学习模式

IF 0.6 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Zeitschrift Fur Sprachwissenschaft Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI:10.1515/zfs-2023-2007
Jens Leonhard, Falko Röhrs
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本文在语篇形态学的理论框架下对德语构词模式X-Wort进行了研究。为此,在德语参考语料库的基础上,结合了形态、语义和语用分析。结果表明,构词法是一种多产且极其频繁的构词法。然而,构词产物的含义并不总是很清楚,因为只有两个X-Wörter (N-Wort和F-Wort)可以被认为是词汇化的。X-Wörter的一个共同功能不是通过构词获得词义,而是在元语言语篇中使用,以避免和掩盖某些术语。在这种情况下,X-Wörter在回避的动机方面有所不同:(i)种族主义用语,(ii)粗俗用语,(iii)政治和迷信的爆炸性词语被避免和掩盖。因此,X-Wörter是委婉语的一部分。因此,它们的使用也可以被记录下来,并获得一种社会象征功能,它表明了说话者或作家的道德伦理观念。因此,我们将构词模式描述为一种形式-意义/功能对,其形态结构完全符合其交际需要,以避免和掩盖话语中的特定词语。
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X-Wörter im Deutschen: Ein Wortbildungsmuster zur diskursiven Vermeidung von Begriffen
Abstract In this paper, we investigate the German word formation pattern X-Wort within the theoretical framework of discourse morphology. For this purpose, morphological, semantic, and pragmatic analyses are combined on the basis of the German reference corpus. It is shown that the word formation pattern is productive and extremely frequent. However, the meaning of the word formation product is not always clear, since only two X-Wörter ( N-Wort and F-Wort ) can be considered lexicalized. Instead of word meanings acquired through the formation, a common function of the X-Wörter can be identified: they are used in metalinguistic discourses to avoid and mask certain terms. In this context, X-Wörter differ with respect to the motivation of avoidance: (i) racist terms, (ii) vulgar terms, and (iii) politically and superstitiously explosive words are avoided and masked. Thus, X-Wörter are part of euphemistic language. As such, their use can also be enregistered, and acquire a social-symbolic function, which indicates moral-ethical ideas of the speaker or writer. Consequently, we describe the word formation pattern as a form-meaning/function-pair whose morphological structure perfectly fits its communicative needs to avoid and mask specific words in discourses.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The aim of the journal is to promote linguistic research by publishing high-quality contributions and thematic special issues from all fields and trends of modern linguistics. In addition to articles and reviews, the journal also features contributions to discussions on current controversies in the field as well as overview articles outlining the state-of-the art of relevant research paradigms. Topics: -General Linguistics -Language Typology -Language acquisition, language change and synchronic variation -Empirical linguistics: experimental and corpus-based research -Contributions to theory-building
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