内燃机活塞环耐磨结构的仿生设计与优化

IF 3.1 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Lubricants Pub Date : 2023-11-09 DOI:10.3390/lubricants11110484
Weijun Tian, Jinhua Zhang, Kuiyue Zhou, Zhu Chen, Ziteng Shen, Xiaobin Yang, Qian Cong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

内燃机在运行过程中,使活塞处于高温高压条件下,要求它承受剧烈的、连续的往复运动。这个艰苦的过程会导致显著的磨损。在发动机的关键部件中,活塞环起着关键作用,但特别容易磨损。因此,广泛的研究一直致力于调查活塞环的磨损,这是内燃机的关键密封部件。为了解决现有涂层方法成本高,阻碍广泛应用的问题,我们提出了一种仿生设计方法,旨在提高活塞环的耐磨性,该方法的灵感来自蚯蚓身体上的凹槽结构。仿生活塞环具有优化设计的凹槽结构,灵感来自蚯蚓的解剖结构。这些环具有不同的凹槽深度(1mm、2mm和3mm)、凹槽宽度(0.1 mm、0.3 mm和0.5 mm)和凹槽间距(0.1 mm、0.2 mm和0.3 mm)。我们对标准活塞环和仿生活塞环进行了热结构耦合分析。结果表明,最大应力集中在第一个活塞环,恰好在端隙的相反区域。因此,最初的活塞环承受了主要的摩擦损失。此外,仿生环与标准环的应力水平比较表明,仿生槽结构大大降低了应力,最大限度地减少了应力集中,从而提高了耐磨性。槽宽对磨损性能的影响最显著,槽深次之,槽距次之。当槽深为3 mm,槽宽为0.1 mm,槽间距为0.1 mm时,耐磨性最佳。随后,我们构建了活塞环摩擦试验台,以验证最有效活塞环的耐磨性。结果表明,仿生活塞环的耐磨性比标准活塞环高出19.627%。因此,在活塞环内加入仿生沟槽结构可以有效减少表面摩擦,提高耐磨性。这反过来又可以提高内燃机在良好工作条件下的使用寿命。
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Bionic Design and Optimization of the Wear-Resistant Structure of Piston Rings in Internal Combustion Engines
Internal combustion engines, during their operation, subject the piston to high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, requiring it to endure intense, continuous reciprocating motion. This strenuous process leads to significant wear and tear. Among the engine’s crucial components, the piston ring plays a pivotal role but is particularly susceptible to wear. Therefore, extensive research has been devoted to investigating the wear of piston rings, a critical sealing component within internal combustion engines. To address the high cost of existing coating methods, which hinders widespread application, we propose a bionic design approach inspired by groove structures observed on earthworm bodies, aimed at enhancing the wear resistance of piston rings. Bionic piston rings featuring optimally designed groove structures inspired by the earthworm’s anatomy were designed. These rings exhibited varying groove depths (1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm), groove widths (0.1 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.5 mm), and groove spacings (0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.3 mm). We conducted thermal–structural coupling analyses on both standard piston rings and these bionic counterparts. The results revealed that the maximum stress was concentrated at the first piston ring, precisely at the opposing region of the end gap. Thus, the initial piston ring endured the primary frictional losses. Moreover, a comparison of stress levels between bionic rings and the standard ring revealed that the bionic groove structure substantially reduced stress and minimized stress concentration, thus enhancing wear resistance. Groove width had the most notable influence on wear performance, followed by groove depth and groove spacing. Optimal wear resistance was achieved when the groove depth was 3 mm, groove width was 0.1 mm, and groove spacing was 0.1 mm. Subsequently, we constructed a piston ring friction test bench to validate the wear resistance of the most effective piston ring. The results indicated that the wear resistance of the bionic piston ring exceeded that of the standard piston ring by up to 19.627%. Therefore, incorporating a bionic groove structure within the piston ring can effectively reduce surface friction and enhance wear resistance. This, in turn, can enhance the operational lifespan of internal combustion engines under favorable working conditions.
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来源期刊
Lubricants
Lubricants Engineering-Mechanical Engineering
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
25.70%
发文量
293
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: This journal is dedicated to the field of Tribology and closely related disciplines. This includes the fundamentals of the following topics: -Lubrication, comprising hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, elastohydrodynamics, mixed and boundary regimes of lubrication -Friction, comprising viscous shear, Newtonian and non-Newtonian traction, boundary friction -Wear, including adhesion, abrasion, tribo-corrosion, scuffing and scoring -Cavitation and erosion -Sub-surface stressing, fatigue spalling, pitting, micro-pitting -Contact Mechanics: elasticity, elasto-plasticity, adhesion, viscoelasticity, poroelasticity, coatings and solid lubricants, layered bonded and unbonded solids -Surface Science: topography, tribo-film formation, lubricant–surface combination, surface texturing, micro-hydrodynamics, micro-elastohydrodynamics -Rheology: Newtonian, non-Newtonian fluids, dilatants, pseudo-plastics, thixotropy, shear thinning -Physical chemistry of lubricants, boundary active species, adsorption, bonding
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