启动——播种种子制备方法的创新发展(综述)

A. V. Yanchenko, A. F. Bukharov, A. Y. Fedosov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

介绍了从传统的种子浸种法发展到水浸法的过程,以及在引入新知识和综合方法的基础上对水浸法的进一步改进。灌浆是一种控制种子水化(用有限的水饱和),它导致新陈代谢的激活,发芽的开始(防止根的出现),并确保这一过程的后续可逆性(通过干燥),同时保持刺激效果。P.A. Genkel,他提出了彻底的理论论证和详细的实验证实了播前浸泡和随后干燥(通常多次)提高植物耐旱性和耐盐性的有效性。对于用水和渗透溶液影响种子的一系列方法,W. Heidecker提出了“启动”(priming)一词,这个词在英语中广泛使用,但最初并没有在俄罗斯文学中扎根。种子活力下降的内在原因的特征,主要与衰老过程有关,在此过程中,营养储备的消耗,生长抑制剂,诱变剂,活性氧和其他有害物质的积累,蛋白质和核酸的变性,不饱和脂质的氧化和外部(非生物和生物),以及它们之间的相互作用。本文提供了有关代理和方法,技术解决方案和启动技术的信息。介绍了水的作用、条件、因素、参数、基本形态解剖、发芽过程的生理生化基础。本文在深入研究种子在萌发过程中发生的代谢过程的基础上,概述了启动的缺点和克服方法,以了解提高种子播种和生产性能的机制。有人指出,必须最大限度地使用引燃剂,特别是在困难的环境条件下。
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Priming – innovative development of methodology preparation of seeds for sowing (review)
The development of classical methods of soaking and growing seeds to the method of hydropriming and its further improvement based on the introduction of new knowledge and integrated approaches are shown. Priming is a controlled hydration of seeds (saturation with a limited amount of water), which causes the activation of metabolism, the initiation of germination (preventing the appearance of a root) and ensuring the subsequent reversibility of this process (by drying) while maintaining a stimulating effect. P.A. Genkel, who presented a thorough theoretical justification and detailed experimental confirmation of the effectiveness of pre-sowing soaking and subsequent drying (often multiple times) to increase drought and salt tolerance of plants. For a complex of methods for influencing seeds with water and osmotic solutions, W. Heidecker proposed the term priming, which is widely used in the English language, but at first did not take root in Russian literature. The characteristic of the internal reasons for the decrease in the viability of seeds, associated primarily with the aging process, during which the depletion of nutrient reserves, the accumulation of growth inhibitors, mutagens, reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances, the denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids, the oxidation of unsaturated lipids and external (abiotic and biotic), and their interactions. The article provides information about agents and methods, technical solutions and priming techniques. The role of water, conditions, factors, parameters, fundamental morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical substantiation of the germination process are described. The shortcomings of priming and ways to overcome them are outlined on the basis of an in-depth study of the metabolic processes occurring in the process of priming and subsequent germination in order to understand the mechanisms for increasing the sowing and productive properties of seeds. The necessity of maximizing the practice of applying priming, especially in difficult environmental conditions, was noted.
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来源期刊
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发文量
73
审稿时长
4 weeks
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