Overfull: Too Large Aggregate Signatures Based on Lattices

Abstract The Fiat-Shamir with Aborts paradigm of Lyubashevsky has given rise to efficient lattice-based signature schemes. One popular implementation is Dilithium, which has been selected for standardization by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Informally, it can be seen as a lattice analog of the well-known discrete-logarithm-based Schnorr signature. An interesting research question is whether it is possible to combine several unrelated signatures, issued from different signing parties on different messages, into one single aggregated signature. Of course, its size should be significantly smaller than the trivial concatenation of all signatures. Ideally, the aggregation can be done offline by a third party, called public aggregation. Previous works have shown that it is possible to half-aggregate Schnorr signatures, but it was left open if the underlying techniques can be adapted to the lattice setting. In this work, we show that, indeed, we can use similar strategies to obtain a signature scheme allowing for public aggregation whose hardness is proven assuming the intractability of well-studied problems on module lattices. Unfortunately, our scheme produces aggregated signatures that are larger than the trivial solution of concatenating. This is due to peculiarities that seem inherent to lattice-based cryptography. Its motivation is thus mainly pedagogical.