Financial reporting consequences of CEOs' early-life exposure to disasters and violent crime

Understanding the behavior of chief executive officers (CEOs) enables investors, regulators, and others to better appreciate CEOs' corporate decisions. Among the many aspects that determine CEO behavior are early-life experiences, we examine whether a CEO's exposure to two important events—fatal natural disasters and violent crime—during the individual's formative years is associated with the firm's financial reporting outcomes. We argue that a CEO with early life exposure to fatal natural disasters and violent crime may be over-confident when dealing with risk and is more likely to make riskier decisions. However, this relationship becomes negative when the exposure reaches a certain level, consistent with the CEO becoming risk-averse when making business decisions (Bernile, Bhagwat, & Rau, 2017). Consistently, we report evidence of a U-shaped association between financial reporting quality and both types of early-life exposures. In addition, we find that the link between a CEO's early-life exposures and financial reporting quality is more pronounced in firms with greater incentives to manage earnings.