1926年的“世界移民大会”和社会主义国际主义的极限

IF 0.3 Q4 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Labor-Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1215/15476715-10581293
Lucas Poy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,研究反共和社会民主主义传统的学者提出了一种解释,即社会主义国际主义不是与民族主义相反,而是互补的。这使他们能够摆脱旧的观点,以更积极的眼光审视社会主义者之间国际合作的主要特点。尽管它的实质性和令人信服的贡献,这一文献也显示出重要的缺点。它不仅使民族主义对跨国团结构成的挑战最小化;它也过于关注欧洲,因此忽视了国际主义的一个更严重的限制,即一种宣称世界各国人民不分肤色团结一致的原则的观点,但在实践中建立了一个由出生在欧洲或欧洲血统的工人组成的有限得多的跨国社区。本文探讨了这些史学趋势,并通过探索1926年在伦敦举行的一个独特的、未被充分研究的事件——“世界移民大会”,使我们对20世纪20年代社会主义国际主义的认识变得更加复杂。该会议由国际工会联合会和劳工与社会主义国际联合组织,这两个主要的工会会员和社会民主主义传统政党的跨国网络。根据国际组织和会议可以作为研究全球历史的“观察点”的观点,本文以这次大会的序言、准备工作和讨论为视角,了解20世纪20年代社会主义政党和改良主义工会在移民问题上的立场,解释与战前相比,它们在多大程度上发生了变化,原因是什么。此外,它表明,移民的立场在许多方面与社会主义和劳工对殖民主义的看法以及对世界上“有色人种”的居高俯下的看法交织在一起。
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The “World Migration Congress” of 1926 and the Limits of Socialist Internationalism
Abstract In recent years, scholars doing research on the anticommunist and social democratic tradition developed an interpretation in which socialist internationalism is portrayed not as opposed to nationalism but instead as complementary. This allowed them to move away from older perspectives and to examine the main features of international cooperation among socialists in a more positive light. Its substantial and convincing contributions notwithstanding, this literature also displays important shortcomings. Not only does it minimize the challenge that nationalism did pose to transnational solidarities; it is also too focused on Europe and therefore overlooks a more serious limit to internationalism, namely a perspective that proclaimed a principle of color-blind solidarity among all peoples of the world but in practice built a much more limited transnational community of workers either born in Europe or of European descent. This article engages with these historiographical trends and complicates our knowledge of socialist internationalism in the 1920s by exploring a unique and underresearched event, the “World Migration Congress,” held in London in 1926 and jointly organized by the International Federation of Trade Unions and the Labour and Socialist International, the main transnational networks of trade unionists and political parties of the social democratic tradition. Drawing on the idea that international organizations and meetings can be used as “observation points” for studying global history, the article uses the prolegomena to, the preparations for, and the discussions of this congress as a lens to understand the stances of socialist parties and reformist trade unions regarding the question of migration in the 1920s, explaining to what extent, and for what reason, they have changed in comparison with the prewar period. Moreover, it shows that the stances on migration were intertwined in many ways with socialist and labor perspectives on colonialism and condescending views of the “colored peoples” of the world.
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69
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